Figure 2From: Regulation of Arabidopsis defense responses against Spodoptera littoralisby CPK-mediated calcium signalingRelative mRNA levels of defense-related genes PDF1.2 , Thi2.1 and VSP2 in S. littoralis -infested leaves. Transcript levels of genes in WT, cpk3, cpk13-1 and cpk13-2 leaves were normalized by those of ACT1 measured in the samples and expressed relative to the normalized transcript levels in the leaves of uninfested WT plants. Means followed by different small letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)Back to article page