Figure 5

Intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in WT and cpk leaf cells. Undamaged WT leaves served as a control. Leaves were treated with Fluo-3 AM for 1 h and damaged with a S. littoralis larva (A) or mechanical wounding (B). Thirty minutes after damage, the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations in leaf cells were determined and taken as the saturation value. Undamaged WT leaves served as a control. Means followed by different small letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).