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Table 3 Domestication and ferality characteristics of F1 hybrids between C. tinctorius and wild relatives

From: Introgression potential between safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and wild relatives of the genus Carthamus

  

F1 hybrids with C. tinctorius

Plant stage

Trait

C. oxy.(27) a

C. oxy.(77) b

C. pal.

C. leuc.

C. glauc.

C. lan.

Seed

Pappus (T♀/T♂)

No/No

No/No

No/Some

No/Yes

No/No

No/Yes

 

Seed color (T♀/T♂)

W-T/St-W

W-T/St-W

C-B/W-C

W-B/B

C-T/W-C

T-B/T-B

 

mg/seed (T♀)

38.7 ± 10.9

38.7 ± 7.9

53.3 ± 4.8

31.0 ± 6.7

47.3 ± 5.3

21.1 ± 4.7

 

mg/seed (T♂)

13.0 ± 0.0

11.7 ± 2.0

51.1 ± 17.1

11.6 ± 1.1

36.3 ± 3.8

17.8 ± 1.0

 

Seed weight (% Centennial, T♀/T♂)

71.4%/24.0%

71.4%/21.6%

98.3%/94.3%

57.2%21.4%

87.3%/67.0%

38.9%/32.8%

 

Germination rate

32%

36%

90%

80%

75%

33%

Rosette

Number of spines

29.0 ± 4.6

31.5 ± 8.4

25.7 ± 7.7

102.6 ± 17.3

21.8 ± 3.4

104.7 ± 10.8

Bolting

Rosette period (days)

22.7 ± 2.0

23.1 ± 0.6

19.4 ± 3.7

28.9 ± 2.0

20.0 ± 0.9

36.3 ± 1.2

Inflorescence

Days to flowering

57.4 ± 2.4

61.5 ± 1.9

60.8 ± 3.9

62.9 ± 3.5

61.1 ± 1.5

71.7 ± 0.6

 

Days of flowering

66.6 ± 7.5

72.1 ± 17.7

< 48.1

96.6 ± 9.6

45.2 ± 10.2

76.7 ± 11.1

 

Number of branches

10.1 ± 1.2

12.5 ± 1.9

7.0 ± 1.5

10.3 ± 1.7

10.0 ± 2.1

6.7 ± 1.2

Mature head

Shattering

low to high

low to high

No

n/a

Some

n/a

 

Flower heads/plant

41.7 ± 5.1

41.8 ± 8.2

9.7 ± 1.4

79.0 ± 8.7

11.3 ± 4.2

42.3 ± 12.3

F2 seed

F2 seeds/plant (#)

179 ± 88

205 ± 141

271 ± 64

0

205 ± 47

0

 

F2 seed/plant (g)

6.2 ± 2.8

6.8 ± 4.5

12.5 ± 2.5

0

10.5 ± 2.1

0

 

F2 mg/seed

35.6 ± 3.7

34.5 ± 4.5

47.4 ± 9.0

n/a

51.6 ± 5.6

n/a

  1. Phenotypes were obtained from three to ten F1 hybrids from each cross.
  2. a C. oxyacanthus genotype PI 426427, b C. oxyacanthus genotype PI 426477, T♀: C. tinctorius was the female parent, T♂: C. tinctorius was the male parent.
  3. Seed color: (W) white, (C) cream, (T) tan, (B) brown, (St) brown/brown striped. Rosette spine number: Maximum number of spines per leaf. Shattering: (low to high) variable frequency of shattering.