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Table 1 Yields and composition of cell wall material of fruitlet, expanding, mature and ripe ‘Royal Gala’ (RG) and ‘Scifresh’ (SF) apples

From: Cell wall structures leading to cultivar differences in softening rates develop early during apple (Malus x domestica) fruit growth

Stage

Fruitlet

Expanding

Mature

Ripe

 

40 DAFB

70 DAFB

120/140 DAFB

20 weeks

Cultivar

RG

SF

RG

SF

RG

SF

RG

SF

Yield cell wall material

64.3 ± 5.3

51.2 ± 8.3

19.9 ± 2.2

20.4 ± 4.2

16.1 ± 3.6

17.1 ± 3.54

7.1 ± 2.9

9.4 ± 2.2

(mg g-1 FW ± SD)

Sugars (mg g-1 FW ± SD)

        

Rha

0.6 ± 0.05

0.4 ± 0.04

0.17 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.02

0.15 ± 0.02

0.12 ± 0.02

trace

trace

Fuc

0.2 ± 0.02

0.2 ± 0.01

trace

trace

trace

trace

trace

trace

Ara

5.1 ± 0.29

5.0 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.09

1.1 ± 0.05

0.3 ± 0.03

0.4 ± 0.02

Xyl

0.9 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.02

0.4 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.05

0.4 ± 0.04

0.5 ± 0.03

0.3 ± 0.02

0.3 ± 0.01

Man

0.5 ± 0.03

0.7 ± 0.05

0.2 ± 0.02

0.2 ± 0.02

0.1 ± 0.02

0.1 ± 0.01

trace

trace

Gal

5.5 ± 0.4

6.8 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.1

2.4 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.06

0.3 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.08

Glc

0.7 ± 0.06

0.8 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.02

0.3 ± 0.02

0.4 ± 0.13

0.14 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.02

UA

13.4 ± 2.1

7.0 ± 2.2

4.0 ± 0.3

3.6 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 0.22

1.5 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.2

Total non-cellulosic sugars

26.8 ± 4.9

22.0 ± 2.4

9.0 ± 1.5

8.7 ± 1.7

6.6 ± 1.1

7.0 ± 0.48

2.6 ± 0.07

3.8 ± 0.08

C-Glc

16.4 ± 3.3

11.7 ± 2.5

4.5 ± 0.5

6.0 ± 0.1

4.6 ± 0.4

5.3 ± 0.5

1.9 ± 0.1

2.6 ± 0.2

  1. Yields are from one season, with extractions being carried out in triplicate. Sugar composition of non-cellulosic neutral sugars was obtained by TFA hydrolysis. ‘Total non-cellulosic sugars’ are the sum of the neutral sugars plus uronic acid (UA). Cellulosic glucose (C-Glc) content of the cell wall material was obtained by sulphuric acid hydrolysis. Values are means from three cell wall extractions with duplicate assays each ± standard deviation. FW: Fresh weight; Rha: Rhamnose; Fuc: Fucose; Ara: Arabinose; Xyl: Xylose; Man: Mannose; Gal: Galactose; Glc: Glucose; UA: Uronic acid.