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Table 2 Quantitative analysis of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

From: Secretions from the ventral eversible gland of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars activate defense-related genes and induce emission of volatile organic compounds in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum

VOCs

KI

VEGI

VEGA

MI

Undamaged

(E)-2-Hexenal

855

14.10(1.94)a

2.53(0.99)b

3.40(0.93)b

1.7(0.32)b

(Z)-3-Hexenal

865

10.27(0.19)a

1.94(0.33)b

1.70(0.24)b

0.46(0.03)b

(Z)-2 Hexenol

858

13.07(2.53)a

1.24(0.03)b

2.86(0.20)b

nd

α-Pinene

939

15.867(1.40)a

10.47(0.78)a

11.82(1.09)a

5.76(0.01)b

β-Pinene

979

1.34(0.54)a

2.29(0.64)a

1.99(0.14)a

0.61(0.20)b

3-Octanol

991

27.39(1.27)a

2.43(0.24)b

3.42(0.60)b

nd

(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate

1002

10.09(1.77)a

1.75(0.16)b

1.25(1.34)b

nd

β-Phellendrene

1030

19.79(1.91)a

20.01(1.57)a

26.27(1.85)a

nd

β-Ocimene

1040

16.58(1.23)a

17.07(1.31)a

15.52(0.36)a

nd

β-linalool

1026

19.52(1.70)a

10.66(0.77)b

10.30(1.66)b

nd

α- Terpinene

1060

16.79(1.03)a

3.19(0.72)b

3.33(1.17)b

nd

Nonanal

1101

10.82(1.65)a

3.66(1.74)b

3.30(0.51)b

nd

Methyl salicylate

1190

13.14(1.06)a

6.73(0.32)b

7.97(0.47)b

nd

Decanal

1202

174.38(1.63)a

82.27(2.54)b

99.68(4.64)b

nd

δ--Elemene

1338

32.85(1.20)a

3.69(0.03)b

4.96(0.71)b

nd

β- Elemene

1319

19.89(5.46)a

9.06(1.22)b

8.24(0.52)b

1.76(0.21)c

(Z)- β- Caryophyllene

1455

106.94(3.61)a

88.33(10.91)b

93.10(3.13)b

0.86(0.06)c

  1. Table shows emission of VOCs ( μg g-1 fwt) by tomato plants damaged by caterpillars with the VEG intact (VEGI), plants damaged by caterpillars with the VEG ablated (VEGA), mechanically injured (MI) plants, and undamaged (control) plants.Data were collected from three plants (i.e. 3 biological replicates) per treatment. Means (±SEM) within the same row having different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05). Kovats retention index (KI) is indicated for each compound. nd = not detected.