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Figure 1 | BMC Plant Biology

Figure 1

From: Early markers are present in both embryogenesis pathways from microspores and immature zygotic embryos in cork oak, Quercus suberL

Figure 1

Main developmental stages of in vitro embryogenesis in cork oak. A-G: Microspore embryogenesis. H-M: Somatic embryogenesis of immature zygotic embryos. A-D, H-J: Explants and in vitro embryo development. E-G, K-M: Different stages of embryo development, resin sections stained by toluidine blue. A: Catkin selected for in vitro microspore embryogenesis. B, C: Multicellular and globular embryos (white structures) of different sizes emerging from inside anthers (AW, anther wall) after 20–30 days in culture. D: Secondary embryo (white arrow) emerging from embryogenic masses (ms). E: Early multicellular embryos (emb) formed inside the anther and surrounded by the tissue of the anther wall (AW). F: Cells of an early multicellular embryo at higher magnification. G: Large multicellular embryo formed by secondary embryogenesis attached to some cells of an embryogenic mass (ms). H: Acorn selected for in vitro somatic embryogenesis of immature zygotic embryos. I: Embryos of different developmental stages and sizes emerging from the immature zygotic embryo explant after 30 days in culture, early multicellular embryo (black thin arrow), globular, heart (white thick arrow) and cotyledonary (white open arrow) embryos. J: Secondary embryo (white arrow) at the torpedo stage originated from embryogenic masses (ms). K: Early multicellular embryo (emb) formed at the surface of an immature zygotic embryo (zye). L: Cells of an early multicellular embryo at higher magnification. M: Early multicellular embryos (emb) formed by secondary embryogenesis and emerging from inside an embryogenic mass (ms). Bars: A, H: 100 μm; B, C, D, I, J: 1 mm; E, F, GK, L: 50 μm; M: 200 μm.

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