Fig. 3

Arabidopsis AtNRP1, AtNRP2, ANA036 and VPE cause cell death in planta. a Phenotypes of agroinfiltrated leaves with the indicated genes. The left half of leaves from 3 weeks–old N. benthamiana were infiltrated with agrobacterium cells transformed with p35S: AtNRP1, p35S: AtNRP2, p35S: ANAC036 and p35S: VPE expression vectors. Pictures were taken 6 days after infiltration. The lower panel shows the immunoblottings of the agroinfiltrated proteins probed with anti–GFP serum. b Chlorophyll loss induced by AtNRP1, AtNRP2, ANAC036 and VPE expression. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were determined from the leaf sectors agroinfiltrated with the described DNA constructions. Values are given as mean ± S.E. from three biological replicates. c Lipid peroxidation induced by AtNRP1, AtNRP2, ANAC036 and VPE expression. Leaf lipid peroxidation was monitored by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid–reactive compounds and expressed as the malondialdehyde content. error bars indicate the 95 % confidence interval based on a t–test (p < 0,05, n = 3). d Transient expression of DCD/NRP–mediated cell death signaling orthologs from Arabidopsis induces DNA fragmentation. Tobacco protoplasts were electroporated with the constructions carrying AtNRP1, AtNRP2, ANAC036, NRP–B, under control of 35S promoter or the empty vector, as a negative control. After 36 h of agroinfiltration, protoplasts from leaf sectors were submitted to TUNEL labeling. The nuclei were stained with DAPI