Table 5 Summary of the mixed model analysis

Source of variation

d.f.

Wald-test

p-value

Wald-test

p-value

Wald-test

p-value

Wald-test

p-value

Wald-test

p-value

Year (Y)

1

2998.52

<0.001

189091.70

<0.001

3954.32

<0.001

1457.72

<0.001

1996.79

<0.001

Background (B)

1

126.57

<0.001

802.89

<0.001

32.24

<0.001

0.29

0.590

72.87

<0.001

Chromosome (C)

10

102.71

<0.001

74.21

<0.001

51.96

<0.001

83.69

<0.001

66.33

<0.001

Y.B

1

40.11

<0.001

0.35

0.552

73.5

<0.001

30.26

<0.001

20.97

<0.001

Y.C

10

28.42

0.002

28.86

0.001

9.75

0.463

16.75

0.082

20.98

<0.001

B.C

7

124.02

<0.001

129.03

<0.001

43.82

<0.001

67.35

<0.001

62.38

<0.001

C(Allele)

11

260.96

<0.001

241.09

<0.001

62.07

<0.001

93.18

<0.001

106.53

<0.001

Y.B.C

7

10.48

0.164

14.63

0.042

7.03

0.220

7.54

0.185

4.45

0.487

Y.C(Allele)

11

14.70

0.199

39.67

<0.001

12.7

0.316

9.70

0.558

11.86

0.376

B.C(Allele)

8

15.59

0.050

22.87

0.004

8.68

0.194

6.38

0.383

3.19

0.785

Y.B.C(Allele)

8

1.26

0.996

5.92

0.657

5.73

0.455

6.80

0.341

5.87

0.439

Chromosome

Av.

Cd.

Av.

Cd.

Av.

Cd.

Av.

Cd.

Av.

Cd.

1B

79.15

79.86

1552

1572

9.43

9.79

18955

19415

49.89

50.26

1D

77.71

76.41

1574

1548

9.63

9.33

18929

18167

50.49

51.17

2A

77.91

77.36

1567

1557

9.21

9.46

18382

18471

49.79

50.93

2D

77.11

81.77

1560

1554

9.75

9.91

19195

19800

50.45

49.76

3A

74.71

79.96

1555

1580

9.12

9.74

18185

19515

49.81

49.72

3B

79.13

74.58

1566

1568

9.65

9.94

18604

19117

51.71

51.71

5A

73.93

75.65

1576

1573

8.92

9.00

17891

16985

49.52

52.82

6A

79.48

74.69

1558

1574

9.33

9.28

18088

18928

51.40

48.69

6B

75.62

77.24

1556

1570

9.42

9.63

18800

19465

49.92

49.21

7B

75.42

73.72

1592

1582

9.84

9.03

19682

17812

49.67

50.18

7D

74.11

79.40

1552

1572

9.45

9.30

19072

18920

49.34

49.06

Average s.e.d