Source of variation | d.f. | GRA (mm2) | GRL (mm) | GRW (mm) | L/W | ||||
Wald-test | p-value | Wald-test | p-value | Wald-test | p-value | Wald-test | p-value | ||
Year (Y) | 1 | 5019.60 | <0.001 | 2932.81 | <0.001 | 3826.67 | <0.001 | 492.50 | <0.001 |
Background (B) | 1 | 23.38 | <0.001 | 2.11 | 0.146 | 110.89 | <0.001 | 139.62 | <0.001 |
Chromosome (C) | 10 | 780.46 | <0.001 | 262.91 | <0.001 | 1204.83 | <0.001 | 907.64 | <0.001 |
Y.B | 1 | 20.06 | <0.001 | 4.47 | 0.035 | 36.46 | <0.001 | 65.32 | <0.001 |
Y.C | 10 | 783.81 | <0.001 | 244.58 | <0.001 | 1118.52 | <0.001 | 680.55 | <0.001 |
B.C | 7 | 45.55 | <0.001 | 70.29 | <0.001 | 61.20 | <0.001 | 123.49 | <0.001 |
C(Allele) | 10 | 107.41 | <0.001 | 105.68 | <0.001 | 90.87 | <0.001 | 101.24 | <0.001 |
Y.B.C | 7 | 1.58 | 0.904 | 3.11 | 0.683 | 4.00 | 0.549 | 8.74 | 0.121 |
Y.C(Allele) | 10 | 11.12 | 0.435 | 7.84 | 0.727 | 15.80 | 0.152 | 8.64 | 0.654 |
B.C(Allele) | 7 | 2.55 | 0.862 | 4.48 | 0.612 | 3.22 | 0.781 | 4.61 | 0.595 |
Y.B.C(Allele) | 7 | 7.34 | 0.292 | 4.23 | 0.646 | 9.73 | 0.138 | 6.89 | 0.332 |
 | Chromosome | GRA (mm2) | GRL (mm) | GRW (mm) | L/W | ||||
 | Allele | Allele | Allele | Allele | |||||
 |  | Av. | Cd. | Av. | Cd. | Av. | Cd. | Av. | Cd. |
 | 1B | 22.20 | 22.31 | 7.01 | 7.04 | 3.96 | 3.97 | 1.77 | 1.77 |
 | 1D | 22.39 | 22.57 | 7.05 | 7.08 | 3.98 | 3.99 | 1.77 | 1.78 |
 | 2A | 22.38 | 22.63 | 7.08 | 7.11 | 3.95 | 3.98 | 1.79 | 1.79 |
 | 2D | 21.31 | 21.16 | 6.95 | 6.90 | 3.80 | 3.81 | 1.83 | 1.81 |
 | 3A | 21.15 | 20.92 | 9.96 | 6.85 | 3.77 | 3.80 | 1.85 | 1.81 |
 | 3B | 22.54 | 22.67 | 7.05 | 7.05 | 4.00 | 4.03 | 1.77 | 1.75 |
 | 5A | 22.11 | 23.08 | 7.02 | 7.17 | 3.94 | 4.03 | 1.78 | 1.78 |
 | 6A | 22.57 | 21.89 | 7.03 | 6.97 | 4.02 | 3.93 | 1.75 | 1.77 |
 | 6B | 22.21 | 22.13 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 3.96 | 3.95 | 1.77 | 1.78 |
 | 7B | 22.01 | 22.13 | 6.91 | 6.89 | 3.99 | 4.01 | 1.73 | 1.72 |
 | 7D | 22.23 | 22.09 | 7.05 | 7.02 | 3.93 | 3.93 | 1.79 | 1.79 |
 | Average s.e.d | 0.123 | 0.021 | 0.015 | 0.006 |