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Fig. 1 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 1

From: A fast and simple LC-MS-based characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway for few seed(ling)s

Fig. 1

Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the concept of hydrolysis to reduce complexity of extracts. a Flavonoid core pathway of plants. Unfilled boxes: external standards. Filled boxes: analysed mutants for enzymes. Pink: deuterated internal standards. Examples for downstream enzymes and substances for the branching point naringenin and eriodictyol are shown in grey. b Examples for hydrolysed ether bonds in flavonoid derivatives and cleaved interflavan bonds in proanthocyanidins. For glycosylated flavonoids: R1: aglycon (flavonoid); R2: sugar; X: possible additional modification. (e-)f3-ol: (epi-)flavan-3-ol. c Glycosylated flavonoids from methanolic extracts of seeds (orange) and seedlings (green). Dark color: identified glycosides based on LC-ESI-MS-QTOF(AutoMSMS) and LC-ESI-MS-QTOF(pseudoMS3). Light color: predicted glycosides without further fragmentation of the aglycon in the pseudoMS3 experiment. The order and position of the attached sugar moieties was not specified. In brackets: the aglycon is predicted and not identified. In these cases there was no differentiation for qu/de, ka/cy and e/c with same m/z values, respectively. See Additional file 2: Tables S3-S5 for details. Enzymes: CHS: CHALCONE SYNTHASE, CHI: CHALCONE ISOMERASE, FNS: FLAVONE SYNTHASE, F3H: FLAVANONE 3-HYDROXYLASE, F3’H: FLAVONOID 3' HYDROXYLASE, F3’5’H: FLAVONOID 3'5' HYDROXYLASE, FLS: FLAVONOL SYNTHASE, OMT: O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, DFR: DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE, ANS: ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE., LDOX: LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN DIOXYGENASE, LAR: LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE, ANR: ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE, TT10: TRANSPARENT TESTA 10. Example for proteins relevant for subcellular deposition: TT12 (TRANSPARENT TESTA 12), GST (GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE). tt3, 4, 7: transparent testa 3, 4, 7. The pathway was extracted from PlantCyc and extended with previous reviews [9, 84, 85]

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