Fig. 3

Effects of RhMKK9 silencing in rose flowers. a Expression pattern of RhMKKs and RhMPK6. Upper panel, semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay of RhMKK9, RhMKK2, RhMKK4, RhMKK5, and RhMPK6 in TRV- and TRV-MKK9-infected flowers. RhUBI was used as an internal control. Bottom panel, quantification of RhMKK9 expression. At least three biological replicates were tested for each time point. Asterisks in the bottom panel indicated significant differences calculated using the t test (**p < 0.01). b The RhMPK6 phosphorylation level and RhMPK6 and RhACS1 protein levels in TRV- and TRV-MKK9-infected flowers. The RhMPK6 phosphorylation level was monitored using the Phos-tag reagent. A Coomassie Brilliant Blue-stained blot is shown below to confirm equivalent sample loading. D16, dehydration for 16 h; R0.5, R1, and R12, rehydration for 0.5, 1, and 12 h, respectively