Fig. 4

ZmCSLD1 regulates plant architecture, and the effects of ZmCSLD1 vary among different alleles. a Schematic diagram of the domains and the location of causative alleles in Zmcsld1. The protein domains were predicted according to the descriptions of Zeng and Keegstra [92] and Hunter et al. [36]. b The pleiotropic effects of Zmcsld1 by comparing four Zmcsld1-combined F₁ hybrids with their ZmCSLD1-combined F₁ hybrids, respectively. The significance levels of the differences analysed by Student’s t-test (n = 30) are indicated in different colours. Traits abbreviations are listed in Additional file 2: Table S2. c Yeast two-hybrid system showing the interactions between AD-S_1-331 and BD-S_1-331. pGADT7-T/pGBKT7-53 was used as a positive control. d Schematic diagram of the intragenic complementation between qlw10^BYK and Zmcsld1^Mo17