Table 2 Traits mean values (± SE) and maximum and minimum range values in parentheses for cv. Harrington (Harr) and the RCSLs under full irrigation (FI), partial irrigation (PI) and drought (DR) conditions in 2 years field trials (2013 and 2014). Overall mean values (± SE) for each treatment and year in italics. (a) Morphological traits (b) Developmental traits and (c) Agronomic traits

 COL (cm)

Y ns

  Harr

93.2 ± 0.6

94.8 ± 2.0

83.4 ± 1.0

96.2 ± 1.7

97.3 ± 2.1

85.3 ± 0.5

T ^***

(91.3–94.0)

(90.7–100.0)

(81.0–85.7)

(92.3–100.3)

(92.0–102.0)

(84.0–86.3)

G ^***

  RCSLs

105.8 ± 1.0

107.7 ± 1.0

95.0 ± 0.9

106.5 ± 0.9

105.2 ± 1.0

95.2 ± 0.8

Y x T ns

(78.0–137.7)

(87.0–136.3)

(70.3–122.3)

(83.0–136.0)

(81.3–137.3)

(80.3–125.0)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

105.4 ± 1.0

107.2 ± 0.9

94.6 ± 0.9

106.1 ± 0.9

104.9 ± 1.0

94.8 ± 0.8

T x G ^***

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 PdL (cm)

Y ^***

  Harr

31.4 ± 0.7

31.6 ± 1.2

28.0 ± 0.7

26.3 ± 1.6

28.9 ± 0.4

26.3 ± 2.0

T ^***

(30.0–33.0)

(28.3–33.7)

(27.0–30.0)

(22.7–30.3)

(28.0–30.0)

(22.0–30.0)

G ^***

  RCSLs

38.6 ± 0.4

39.4 ± 0.4

32.9 ± 0.4

32.9 ± 0.4

32.5 ± 0.4

29.3 ± 0.4

Y x T ^*

(31.0–50.3)

(28.7–64.0)

(24.0–43.7)

(20.7–45.3)

(23.3–44.7)

(20.7–40.3)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

38.4 ± 0.4 a

39.1 ± 0.4 a

32.7 ± 0.4 b

32.6 ± 0.4 a

32.3 ± 0.4 a

29.2 ± 0.4 b

T x G ^**

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 PdE (cm)

Y ^***

  Harr

11.8 ± 0.4

12.7 ± 1.4

8.8 ± 0.7

8.2 ± 1.1

8.9 ± 0.4

7.6 ± 1.7

T ^***

(11.0–12.7)

(8.7–15.0)

(7.3–10.7)

(5.7–10.7)

(8.0–9.7)

(3.7–10.3)

G ^***

  RCSLs

17.4 ± 0.3

18.2 ± 0.4

12.6 ± 0.4

12.9 ± 0.4

12.4 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 0.4

Y x T ^**

(10.3–28.0)

(8.0–39.0)

(5.0–23.0)

(1.7–25.7)

(3.7–23.0)

(1.3–19.3)

Y x G ^**

  Treatment

17.2 ± 0.3 a

18.0 ± 0.4 a

12.5 ± 0.4 b

12.7 ± 0.4 a

12.3 ± 0.3 a

9.9 ± 0.4 b

T x G ^**

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 EAR (cm)

Y ^***

  Harr

8.8 ± 0.3

9.2 ± 0.2

7.7 ± 0.3

8.2 ± 0.4

8.6 ± 0.4

8.3 ± 0.4

T ^***

(8.0–9.7)

(8.7–9.7)

(7.0–8.3)

(7.3–9.3)

(7.7–9.3)

(7.3–9.0)

G ^***

  RCSLs

9.3 ± 0.1

9.3 ± 0.1

8.7 ± 0.1

8.9 ± 0.1

8.9 ± 0.1

8.8 ± 0.1

Y x T ^***

(6.7–12.0)

(7.3–13.0)

(7.0–10.7)

(7.0–11.3)

(6.3–13.0)

(6.7–12.7)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

9.3 ± 0.1 a

9.3 ± 0.1 a

8.7 ± 0.1 b

8.8 ± 0.1

8.9 ± 0.1

8.8 ± 0.1

T x G ns

  Year

Y x T x G ^*

 SdA (mm2)

Y ^***

  Harr

22.2 ± 0.1

22.3 ± 0.1

22.8 ± 0.2

20.7 ± 0.8

21.2 ± 0.6

21.2 ± 0.7

T ^*

(21.9–22.4)

(22.1–22.7)

(22.3–23.0)

(19.6–22.9)

(20.0–22.3)

(19.9–23.1)

G ^***

  RCSLs

22.9 ± 0.2

23.8 ± 0.1

24.2 ± 0.1

22.3 ± 0.2

22.7 ± 0.2

22.3 ± 0.1

Y x T ns

(19.6–29.3)

(21.1–30.1)

(22.0–29.1)

(19.0–29.1)

(19.0–28.9)

(19.0–26.8)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

22.9 ± 0.2

23.8 ± 0.1

24.2 ± 0.1

22.3 ± 0.2

22.7 ± 0.2

22.3 ± 0.1

T x G ^*

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 SdL (mm)

Y ns

  Harr

7.8 ± 0.0

8.1 ± 0.0

8.1 ± 0.0

8.0 ± 0.2

8.0 ± 0.2

7.8 ± 0.1

T ^*

(7.7–7.9)

(8.0–8.2)

(8.0–8.1)

(7.7–8.5)

(7.6–8.3)

(7.6–8.1)

G ^***

  RCSLs

8.2 ± 0.1

8.7 ± 0.1

8.7 ± 0.0

8.5 ± 0.1

8.5 ± 0.1

8.3 ± 0.1

Y x T ^**

(6.9–12.0)

(7.6–12.7)

(8.0–10.9)

(7.0–12.2)

(7.1–11.7)

(7.3–11.2)

Y x G ^*

  Treatment

8.2 ± 0.1 b

8.7 ± 0.1 a

8.6 ± 0.0 a

8.4 ± 0.1

8.5 ± 0.1

8.3 ± 0.1

T x G ^**

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 SdW (mm)

Y ^***

  Harr

3.7 ± 0.0

3.6 ± 0.0

3.7 ± 0.0

3.4 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.1

3.5 ± 0.1

T ns

(3.6–3.7)

(3.5–3.6)

(3.6–3.7)

(3.3–3.5)

(3.3–3.6)

(3.4–3.7)

G ^***

  RCSLs

3.6 ± 0.0

3.6 ± 0.0

3.6 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.0

Y x T ^*

(3.3–3.8)

(3.3–3.8)

(3.4–3.9)

(3.2–3.8)

(3.3–3.8)

(3.3–3.9)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

3.6 ± 0.0

3.6 ± 0.0

3.6 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.0

T x G ^*

  Year

Y x T x G ^***

 TILL (tillers)

Y ^***

  Harr

169.0 ± 10.2

182.5 ± 10.1

120.8 ± 2.8

140.3 ± 10.8

160.8 ± 8.9

132.8 ± 13.7

T ^***

(153.0–197.0)

(167.0–212.0)

(116.0–129.0)

(121.0–169.0)

(145.0–183.0)

(112.0–171.0)

G ^***

  RCSLs

169.7 ± 2.5

177.6 ± 2.3

114.2 ± 1.6

144.5 ± 2.1

155.7 ± 2.1

128.6 ± 1.9

Y x T ^***

(105.0–245.0)

(110.0–243.0)

(69.0–157.0)

(70.0–202.0)

(105.0–207.0)

(75.0–191.0)

Y x G ^*

  Treatment

169.7 ± 2.4 a

177.7 ± 2.3 a

114.4 ± 1.6 b

144.4 ± 2.0 b

155.9 ± 2.0 a

128.8 ± 1.8 c

T x G ns

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 HEA (DAS)

Y ^***

  Harr

65.8 ± 0.3

65.0 ± 0.4

64.0 ± 0.4

60.5 ± 0.3

60.7 ± 0.3

60.3 ± 0.5

T ^**

(65.0–66.0)

(64.0–66.0)

(63.0–65.0)

(60.0–61.0)

(60.0–61.0)

(59.0–61.0)

G ^***

  RCSLs

64.9 ± 0.3

63.7 ± 0.2

63.4 ± 0.2

59.1 ± 0.2

59.2 ± 0.2

59.1 ± 0.2

Y x T ^*

(56.0–73.0)

(55.0–69.0)

(56.0–68.0)

(52.0–62.0)

(52.0–63.0)

(52.0–63.0)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

64.9 ± 0.2 b

63.8 ± 0.2 a

63.4 ± 0.2 a

59.1 ± 0.2

59.2 ± 0.2

59.1 ± 0.2

T x G ^**

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 DY (kg/ha)

Y ^***

  Harr

4207.3 ± 204.7

4316.2 ± 97.3

3250.9 ± 164.1

2723.4 ± 238.6

3397.9 ± 167.6

3010.7 ± 302.2

T ^***

(3703.5–4705.5)

(4134.5–4526.0)

(3004.8–3725.0)

(2213.0–3354.3)

(3071.5–3794.6)

(2568.6–3894.8)

G ^***

  RCSLs

3653.9 ± 61.1

3909.5 ± 56.7

2846.1 ± 38.5

2735.6 ± 50.2

3090.8 ± 53.2

2629.2 ± 46.3

Y x T ^***

(2266.8–6064.8)

(2574.5–5727.0)

(1930.8–3845.3)

(1288.6–4234.3)

(1997.3–5072.3)

(1151.8–4294.2)

Y x G ns

  Treatment

3673.0 ± 60.0 b

3923.5 ± 55.3 a

2860.1 ± 38.1 c

2735.1 ± 49.0 b

3101.5 ± 51.9 a

2642.4 ± 46.1 b

T x G ^***

  Year

Y x T x G ^*

 TGW (g)

Y ^***

  Harr

45.8 ± 0.4

45.0 ± 0.9

46.3 ± 0.9

38.9 ± 0.9

39.9 ± 0.9

46.6 ± 1.4

T ^***

(45.0–46.9)

(43.2–47.1)

(44.2–48.4)

(36.9–40.9)

(37.7–42.0)

(43.1–49.6)

G ^***

  RCSLs

45.9 ± 0.3

47.2 ± 0.3

48.1 ± 0.2

43.0 ± 0.3

44.0 ± 0.3

47.6 ± 0.3

Y x T ^***

(37.7–54.0)

(41.3–54.1)

(42.2–55.9)

(35.0–48.8)

(36.0–52.9)

(39.8–56.1)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

45.9 ± 0.3 b

47.1 ± 0.3 a

48.1 ± 0.2 a

42.8 ± 0.3 b

43.8 ± 0.3 b

47.5 ± 0.3 a

T x G ^***

  Year

Y x T x G ^***

 BY (kg/ha)

Y ^***

  Harr

8862.5 ± 412.4

9131.3 ± 332.2

6793.8 ± 396.9

6225.0 ± 694.6

7787.5 ± 210.3

6700.0 ± 711.3

T ^***

(7875.0–9850.0)

(8350.0–9850.0)

(6150.0–7875.0)

(5075.0–7475.0)

(7400.0–8275.0)

(5650.0–8775.0)

G ^***

  RCSLs

8822.1 ± 107.5

9083.3 ± 107.9

6567.6 ± 82.9

6813.0 ± 123.3

7547.7 ± 106.1

6210.5 ± 88.9

Y x T ^***

(6025.0–13,450.0)

(6300.0–11,850.0)

(4350.0–8675.0)

(3925.0–10,350.0)

(5150.0–11,050.0)

(4250.0–10,425.0)

Y x G ns

  Treatment

8823.5 ± 104.5

9084.9 ± 104.6

6575.4 ± 81.0

6792.4 ± 121.2

7556.1 ± 102.7

6227.4 ± 88.8

T x G ns

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 HI (%)

Y ^***

  Harr

47.5 ± 0.6

47.4 ± 0.9

47.9 ± 0.6

44.5 ± 0.4

43.6 ± 1.8

45.1 ± 2.0

T ^***

(46.2–48.9)

(45.9–49.9)

(46.6–49.0)

(43.6–45.0)

(39.7–47.5)

(39.8–48.8)

G ^***

  RCSLs

41.3 ± 0.4

43.0 ± 0.3

43.4 ± 0.3

40.2 ± 0.5

40.9 ± 0.4

42.4 ± 0.4

Y x T ns

(27.9–48.8)

(33.1–50.3)

(35.4–51.2)

(28.8–50.2)

(32.0–48.3)

(19.0–51.0)

Y x G ^***

  Treatment

41.5 ± 0.4 b

43.2 ± 0.3 a

43.6 ± 0.3 a

40.3 ± 0.5

41.0 ± 0.4

42.4 ± 0.4

T x G ^**

  Year

Y x T x G ns

 GSM (grains.m²)

Y ^***

  Harr

9170.2 ± 369.5

9606.0 ± 341.8

7029.4 ± 352.7

6985.4 ± 519.8

8521.3 ± 438.5

5856.4 ± 692.6

T ^***

(8233.7–10,037.3)

(8855.7–10,486.6)

(6203.0–7922.2)

(7528.2–9665.4)

(6000.5–8453.4)

(3539.6–7853.9)

G ^***

  RCSLs

7934.2 ± 118.9

8250.9 ± 128.5

5909.1 ± 86.0

6355.0 ± 116.9

7015.8 ± 106.7

5537.5 ± 95.8

Y x T ^***

(4785.4–11,667.5)

(5200.0–12,032.4)

(3183.2–8397)

(4397.4–10,896.5)

(3342.6–9060.9)

(2297.5–9341.2)

Y x G ns

  Treatment

7975.4 ± 117.2

8297.3 ± 126.6

5946.8 ± 85.8

6376.0 ± 114.4

7066.4 ± 106.9

5550.7 ± 95.6

T x G ^***

  Year

Y x T x G ^*