Fig. 1
From: Plant volatile emission depends on the species composition of the neighboring plant community
Constitutive and herbivore-induced emission of major groups of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by single individuals of the focal plant species Trifolium pratense growing in pot communities of differing species compositions. T. pratense plants were either grown in monoculture (1 sp), in two species mixtures with Geranium pratense (TG) or Dactylis glomerata (TD), or in three species mixtures with D. glomerata and G. pratense (3 spp). The focal T. pratense individuals in the experimental communities were either exposed to feeding by three S. littoralis caterpillars (Herbivory, grey bars) or had no caterpillars feeding on them (Control, white bars). Values in panels (a, b, c, d and e) represent absolute amounts of VOCs from single T. pratense individuals in ng g-1 h-1 and values in the pie charts in panels (f, g and h) represent relative amounts of the major groups of VOCs with respect to the full T. pratense odour blend. Homoterpenes were only emitted by plants in the Herbivory treatment. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 6. The results of the statistical analyses are depicted in Table 2