Parameters | Line | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LUNAa | N-1a | HP-19a | HP-245a | H-182a | H-293a | P-121a | P-149a | |
Transgene | None | None | 1AX1 + Pina | 1AX1 + Pina | 1AX1 | 1AX1 | Pina | Pina |
Hardnessb | 98.70 ± 2.30ab | 95.90 ± 5.20b | 61.60 ± 1.90 cd | 62.90 ± 3.20 cd | 105.80 ± 4.20a | 101.70 ± 0.60a | 60.50 ± 1.50 cd | 67.70 ± 20.5c |
Flour yieldc | ||||||||
 Bran(g) | 9.15 ± 0.20b | 7.50 ± 0.30b | 12.26 ± 0.30a | 13.25 ± 0.10a | 7.61 ± 0.04b | 7.54 ± 0.20b | 12.42 ± 2.20a | 13.95 ± 0.05a |
 Break flour(g) | 9.50 ± 1.30bc | 8.60 ± 0.68c | 17.36 ± 0.08a | 17.48 ± 0.25a | 8.83 ± 0.20c | 8.95 ± 0.08bc | 17.45 ± 0.52a | 18.34 ± 0.01a |
 Shorts(g) | 45.87 ± 4.04ab | 48.63 ± 2.56a | 26.14 ± 0.39c | 25.78 ± 0.06c | 47.78 ± 0.06ab | 48.08 ± 0.83ab | 25.25 ± 2.12c | 23.95 ± 0.55c |
 Reduction flour(g) | 33.95 ± 2.34b | 34.12 ± 1.70b | 41.87 ± 0.21a | 40.76 ± 0.44a | 34.91 ± 0.01b | 34.18 ± 1.25b | 42.16 ± 0.73a | 41.30 ± 0.42a |
 Total flour(g) | 98.47 ± 0.17ab | 98.85 ± 0.07a | 97.63 ± 0.02b | 97.27 ± 0.52b | 99.12 ± 0.19a | 98.75 ± 0.27a | 97.28 ± 0.19b | 97.53 ± 0.18b |
 BFY (%) | 9.65 ± 1.33bc | 8.70 ± 0.68c | 17.78 ± 0.08a | 17.96 ± 0.16a | 8.90 ± 0.18c | 9.07 ± 0.06bc | 17.94 ± 0.57a | 18.80 ± 0.03a |
 SFY (%) | 44.13 ± 3.77bc | 43.21 ± 2.38c | 60.67 ± 0.14a | 59.87 ± 0.38a | 44.12 ± 0.12bc | 43.68 ± 1.22bc | 61.28 ± 0.10a | 61.14 ± 0.54a |
Flour characteristicsd | ||||||||
 Protein content (%) | 14.35 ± 0.05a | 14.15 ± 0.05a | 14.25 ± 0.05a | 14.10 ± 0.00a | 14.25 ± 0.05a | 14.50 ± 0.00a | 12.50 ± 0.00b | 12.60 ± 0.00b |
 Water content (%) | 12.70 ± 0.00b | 12.60 ± 0.00b | 12.95 ± 0.05a | 13.00 ± 0.00a | 12.60 ± 0.00b | 12.55 ± 0.05b | 13.00 ± 0.00a | 13.05 ± 0.05a |
 Ash content (%) | 0.87 ± 0.05b | 0.85 ± 0.30b | 0.76 ± 0.00c | 0.77 ± 0.05c | 0.82 ± 0.00b | 1.01 ± 0.05a | 0.69 ± 0.00d | 0.68 ± 0.05d |
 Gluten content (%) | 30.90 ± 0.05bc | 30.15 ± 0.30c | 33.15 ± 0.00a | 32.15 ± 0.05ab | 30.7 ± 0.00bc | 31.5 ± 0.05b | 29.05 ± 0.00d | 29.00 ± 0.05d |
Color parameterse | ||||||||
 L* | 77.42 ± 0.23d | 79.00 ± 0.32c | 81.48 ± 0.52b | 82.25 ± 1.69b | 79.83 ± 0.19c | 80.09 ± 0.38c | 82.13 ± 0.44b | 84.27 ± 0.12a |
 a* | −0.98 ± 0.01 | −0.80 ± 0.02 | − 0.94 ± 0.02 | −1.03 ± 0.09 | −0.90 ± 0.01 | − 0.94 ± 0.02 | −0.86 ± 0.03 | −1.07 ± 0.01 |
 b* | 18.15 ± 0.05a | 17.14 ± 0.07ab | 13.94 ± 0.09 cd | 14.08 ± 0.26c | 17.85 ± 0.04a | 16.77 ± 0.07b | 14.63 ± 0.07c | 14.65 ± 0.02c |
 Damaged Starch (%)f | 27.60 ± 0.35a | 29.70 ± 0.40a | 19.20 ± 0.38b | 20.20 ± 0.59b | 30.60 ± 0.46a | 29.50 ± 0.27a | 20.50 ± 0.15b | 20.00 ± 0.50b |
 WBC (%)g | 84.27 ± 0.40b | 85.20 ± 0.80b | 72.27 ± 0.40c | 62.27 ± 1.20d | 87.73 ± 0.80b | 94.67 ± 0.80a | 61.47 ± 0.80d | 74.53 ± 1.20c |
Flour particle size distributionh | ||||||||
 D10(μm) | 5.07 ± 0.02a | 5.34 ± 0.17a | 4.29 ± 0.01b | 4.28 ± 0.04b | 5.18 ± 0.03a | 5.06 ± 0.11a | 4.30 ± 0.12b | 4.28 ± 0.01b |
 D50(μm) | 26.61 ± 0.12a | 26.46 ± 0.02a | 25.52 ± 0.55b | 25.09 ± 0.16b | 26.30 ± 0.09a | 26.36 ± 0.03a | 25.36 ± 0.14b | 24.99 ± 0.05b |
 D90(μm) | 73.21 ± 0.16 | 71.79 ± 0.66 | 74.97 ± 3.22 | 74.67 ± 1.72 | 73.34 ± 0.37 | 77.15 ± 3.45 | 74.53 ± 0.97 | 70.12 ± 0.38 |
 D43(μm) | 33.85 ± 0.07 | 33.50 ± 0.10 | 33.57 ± 1.06 | 33.23 ± 0.47 | 33.71 ± 0.13 | 34.85 ± 1.04 | 33.3 ± 0.31 | 32.17 ± 0.11 |
 D32(μm) | 10.88 ± 0.02a | 11.20 ± 0.29a | 9.44 ± 0.10b | 9.28 ± 0.26b | 10.98 ± 0.10a | 10.78 ± 0.16a | 9.43 ± 0.03b | 9.55 ± 0.02b |
 D21(μm) | 2.21 ± 0.01a | 2.31 ± 0.10a | 1.80 ± 0.10b | 1.80 ± 0.10b | 2.27 ± 0.03a | 2.19 ± 0.04a | 1.87 ± 0.01b | 1.92 ± 0.01b |
 SSA(m^2/kg) | 177.67 ± 0.39b | 172.75 ± 4.45b | 205.00 ± 2.10a | 206.5 ± 3.60a | 175.93 ± 1.40b | 179.45 ± 2.65b | 205.15 ± 0.75a | 202.55 ± 0.35a |
RVA attributes i | ||||||||
 Peak viscosity | 393.00 ± 16.00d | 320.50 ± 8.50e | 428.50 ± 11.50c | 432.00 ± 2.00c | 328.50 ± 16.50e | 380.50 ± 22.50d | 456.50 ± 2.50b | 513.50 ± 16.50a |
 Setback | 47.00 ± 1.00c | 30.00 ± 0.00d | 37.00 ± 2.00 cd | 42.50 ± 6.50c | 56.50 ± 10.50b | 73.00 ± 8.00a | 58.00 ± 8.00b | 59.00 ± 3.00b |
 Breakdown | 264.00 ± 6.00d | 212.00 ± 9.00e | 314.50 ± 4.50c | 308.50 ± 1.50c | 206.50 ± 6.50e | 254.50 ± 12.50d | 335.00 ± 4.00b | 383.00 ± 17.00a |
 Trough | 129.00 ± 10.00a | 108.50 ± 0.70d | 114.00 ± 7.00d | 123.50 ± 3.50b | 122.00 ± 10.00b | 126.0 ± 10.00ab | 121.50 ± 1.50c | 130.50 ± 0.50a |
 Final viscosity | 176.00 ± 11.00c | 138.50 ± 0.50f | 151.00 ± 5.00e | 166.00 ± 10.00d | 178.50 ± 20.50c | 199.00 ± 18.00a | 179.50 ± 6.50c | 189.50 ± 2.50b |
 Peak time (min) | 4.25 ± 0.00b | 3.85 ± 0.07c | 4.09 ± 0.17bc | 4.05 ± 0.13bc | 3.92 ± 0.20bc | 4.55 ± 0.03a | 4.02 ± 0.04bc | 4.29 ± 0.04ab |
 Pasting temp(°C) | 67.75 ± 4.20 | 70.65 ± 0.45 | 56.15 ± 5.70 | 64.53 ± 7.38 | 62.63 ± 0.78 | 65.30 ± 9.00 | 59.18 ± 1.92 | 66.40 ± 4.60 |