Table 3 Estimates of genetic variance (±SE) and broad-sense heritability (±SE), of measured traits of testcrosses involving early-maturing yellow S₁ families derived from four cycles of selection and tester TZEI 23, evaluated under three drought stress environments in Nigeria, 2014–2017

Grain yield (kg ha^− 1)

30,537 ± 18,526

23,998 ± 15,356

65,233 ± 27488^a

22,740 ± 13,476

0.36 ± 0.22

0.34 ± 0.22

0.50 ± 0.21^a

0.37 ± 0.22

Days to anthesis

0.30 ± 0.11^a

0.21 ± 0.09^a

0.37 ± 0.15^a

0.23 ± 0.13

0.56 ± 0.21^a

0.49 ± 0.21^a

0.52 ± 0.21^a

0.39 ± 0.22

Days to silking

0.17 ± 0.16

0.18 ± 0.19

0.89 ± 0.28^b

0.41 ± 0.23

0.23 ± 0.23

0.21 ± 0.23

0.65 ± 0.20^b

0.39 ± 0.22

Anthesis-silking interval (days)

^c

^c

0.14 ± 0.083

0.07 ± 0.102

^c

^c

0.36 ± 0.22

0.15 ± 0.23

Plant height (cm)

25 ± 9^a

16 ± 8

16 ± 8^a

5 ± 7

0.60 ± 0.21^a

0.41 ± 0.22

0.42 ± 0.21^a

0.16 ± 0.23

Ear height (cm)

10 ± 5^a

4 ± 4

11 ± 4^a

^c

0.43 ± 0.21^a

0.20 ± 0.23

0.55 ± 0.21^a

^c

Root lodging (%)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Stalk lodging (%)

0.113 ± 0.079

0.080 ± 0.056

^c

0.152 ± 0.082

0.32 ± 0.22

0.31 ± 0.22

^c

0.40 ± 0.22

Husk cover^d

0.007 ± 0.010

0.005 ± 0.008

0.021 ± 0.013

0.013 ± 0.012

0.16 ± 0.23

0.16 ± 0.23

0.34 ± 0.22

0.24 ± 0.23

Plant aspect^e

0.037 ± 0.018^a

0.010 ± 0.014

0.023 ± 0.016

0.013 ± 0.013

0.42 ± 0.21^a

0.17 ± 0.23

0.32 ± 0.22

0.21 ± 0.23

Ear aspect^f

0.009 ± 0.013

0.028 ± 0.016

0.008 ± 0.021

0.009 ± 0.016

0.16 ± 0.23

0.38 ± 0.22

0.09 ± 0.24

0.13 ± 0.23

Ear rot (%)

0.030 ± 0.049

0.032 ± 0.043

0.116 ± 0.079

0.045 ± 0.041

0.14 ± 0.23

0.17 ± 0.23

0.32 ± 0.22

0.25 ± 0.22

Ears per plant

^c

0.0006 ± 0.0007

0.0011 ± 0.0007

0.0019 ± 0.0009^a

^c

0.20 ± 0.23

0.36 ± 0.22

0.47 ± 0.21^a

Stay green characteristic^g

^c

0.032 ± 0.031

0.005 ± 0.021

0.005 ± 0.026

^c

0.23 ± 0.23

0.06 ± 0.24

0.04 ± 0.24