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Table 2 Main features of QTLs for yield-related traits detected in the RILs, the IF2 population, and for the mid-parental heterosis (MPH)

From: Genetic dissection of yield-related traits and mid-parent heterosis for those traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

QTL

Chra

Physical positionb

Flanking marker

RILc

IF2c

MPHc

Detected

Ad

PVE (%)e

Ad

Df

PVE (%)

Df

PVE (%)

Environmentsg

qEWPE1–1

1

82,577,340/87562343

PZE-101090729/PZE-101094004

  

−0.9

4.5

1.2

  

C

qEWPE1–2

1

263,740,719/285391084

PZE−101,213,558/SYN22772

     

5.3

1.1

C

qEWPE2

2

33,839,259/37868398

PZE-102056295/SYN28948

  

-1

7

2.5

5.8

1.1

E3, C

qEWPE3–1

3

39,216,459/43866921

PZE-103041998/SYN18260

  

2

3.9

1.3

  

E4, C

qEWPE3–2

3

222,552,568/224622258

SYN6986/ZM012337–0431

     

5.4

0.9

E3, C

qEWPE4–1

4

67,494,861/67493572

PZE-104045414/PZE-104045413

     

−14.8

7.4

C

qEWPE4–2

4

166,876,428/169511859

PZE-104090796/PZE-104093153

  

2.3

3.4

1.2

3.7

0.9

E3, C

qEWPE6

6

140,871,676/137826260

PZE-106083588/PZE-106080884

  

−0.2

5.7

1.7

6.1

1.3

E3, C

qEWPE7–1

7

17,478,189/46213540

PZE-107019133/PZE-107033682

  

−2.1

5

1.4

  

E4, C

qEWPE7–2

7

140,421,815/141648137

PZE-107084740/PZE-107086184

  

−1.2

5.6

1.6

5.6

1

C

qEWPE9–1

9

20,233,111/24141698

PZE-109019784/PZE-109023988

  

−4.3

2.2

2.2

  

E3, C

qEWPE9–2

9

55,513,159/93380517

PZE-109037929/PZA03595.2

     

1.7

31.6

E3, C

qEWPE9–3

9

122,305,846/130925219

PZE-109075481/PZE-109082403

     

5.5

1.1

C

qEWPE10–1

10

71,111,717/74412528

SYN18227/PZE-110038658

  

17.7

0.6

32.1

  

E4, C

qEWPE10–2

10

92,787,084/96757754

PZE-110049371/PZE-110051403

2.3

6.3

     

E2, E4, C

qEWPE10–3

10

124,526,091/131889929

PZE-110068110/SYN17753

  

0.5

5.9

1.9

5.2

1

E4, C

qEWPE10–4

10

142,189,873/146671358

PZE-110095199/PZE-110104601

  

−3.6

1

1.3

0.1

1.1

E3, C

Total PVE (%)

    

6.3

  

48.4

 

48.5

 

qCWPE1–1

1

29,742,488/29784435

PZE-101043670/PZE-101043682

     

0.004

4.2

C

qCWPE1–2

1

38,445,432/39742242

SYN25114/PZE-101055771

  

−0.9

−0.4

2.8

  

E2, E3, C

qCWPE1–3

1

43,974,129/47135598

SYN13385/SYN37775

−0.6

5

     

E3, C

qCWPE2–1

2

54,088,944/54766726

SYN24086/PZE-102074262

−0.8

8.3

     

C

qCWPE2–2

2

216,546,877/217458575

PZE-102173306/PZE-102175026

0.6

4.7

     

E3, C

qCWPE2–3

2

233,109,376/236351458

PZE-102189664/PZE-102193611

−0.4

2.9

     

E3, E4, C

qCWPE3–1

3

5,439,550/10520328

SYN7905/PZE-103018221

     

0.02

4.3

E4, C

qCWPE3–2

3

215,375,486/216647518

SYN33394/SYN8639

−0.4

2.7

     

C

qCWPE4–1

4

41,851,034/56860597

PZE-104033489/PZE-104041535

  

1

−0.3

3.1

  

E3, C

qCWPE4–2

4

142,206,530/143376752

PZE-104071269/PZE-104072142

  

−0.1

0.9

1.1

  

E2, C

qCWPE4–3

4

166,876,428/169511859

PZE-104090796/PZE-104093153

     

0.8

4.3

C

qCWPE5

5

167,276,024/168260189

PZE-105110168/PZE-105111323

  

−0.9

0.4

2.1

  

E4, C

qCWPE6

6

6,268,078/24282498

PUT-163a-94,473,612–4863/PZE-106008406

− 0.5

3.5

−3

0.4

27.2

  

E3, C

qCWPE7

7

136,331,965/136273480

PZE-107081442/PZE-107081254

0.4

2.4

     

E2, C

qCWPE8

8

19,859,565/20691990

PZE-108020972/PZE-108021854

0.6

5.4

     

E3, C

qCWPE9–1

9

1,002,880/2145556

PZE-109000394/PZE-109001604

0.5

4.2

     

C

qCWPE9–2

9

27,177,667/26944063

PZE-109027216/PZE-109026940

     

0.3

4.8

E4, C

qCWPE10–1

10

96,757,754/103084814

PZE-110051403/PZE-110054264

  

0.02

1

1.5

  

C

qCWPE10–2

10

124,526,091/131889929

PZE-110068110/SYN17753

     

1.1

5.5

E4, C

qCWPE10–3

10

142,189,873/146124494

PZE-110095199/PZE-110103156

     

−0.04

5.2

C

qCWPE10–4

10

148,503,131/149436870

PZE−110,109,359/PZE-110111130

  

-1

−0.2

2.6

  

C

Total PVE (%)

    

38.9

  

40.5

 

28.3

 

qEL1–1

1

38,445,432/42018755

SYN25114/PZE-101058322

−0.3

6.1

−0.4

− 0.2

6.5

  

E1, E2, C

qEL1–2

1

260,149,117/263740719

SYN275/PZE-101213558

     

0.1

4.2

C

qEL2–1

2

7,623,080/7665252

PZE-102017304/PZE-102017443

−0.3

4.5

−0.4

0.04

5.5

  

E1, E2, E3, C

qEL2–2

2

27,562,776/31293233

PZE-102049280/SYN314

−0.3

5.5

     

E1, E3, C

qEL2–3

2

67,912,086/71361486

PZE-102082146/PZE-102083803

  

−0.2

0.5

6

  

C

qEL2–4

2

148,660,513/151604997

SYN34894/SYN13599

     

0.4

2.2

C

qEL3–1

3

24,739,373/29653189

PZE-103032109/PZE-103036266

  

0.3

−0.1

3.5

0.4

2.5

E3, C

qEL3–2

3

175,554,472/176784418

PZE-103115618/PZE-103118170

  

0.1

−0.4

3.5

  

E3, C

qEL3–3

3

208,785,867/210358171

SYN28063/SYN20833

−0.3

3.9

−0.3

0.1

4.4

  

E1, C

qEL5–1

5

135,189,300/135840044

PZE-105093385/SYN32229

0.3

5.1

     

E2, C

qEL5–2

5

205,552,836/208935009

PZE-105156713/PZE-105165053

  

0.3

− 0.1

3.1

  

E2, C

qEL5–3

5

211,173,150/214059839

SYN9389/SYN14680

  

0.3

0.2

3.6

  

C

qEL6–1

6

140,848,748/140871676

PZE-106083557/PZE-106083588

  

0.1

0.3

2.7

  

C

qEL6–2

6

141,080,410/161454721

PZE-106083873/PZE-106115356

     

0.4

2.7

E4, C

qEL7

7

136,331,965/136273480

PZE-107081442/PZE-107081254

0.3

6.9

     

E1, E2, C

qEL8

8

90,188,031/101409730

SYN9237/PZE-108056460

     

0.9

12

E3, C

qEL10–1

10

5,761,296/6537076

PZE-110007326/PZE-110008811

  

0.3

0.2

4.7

  

E4, C

qEL10–2

10

102,323,080/124526091

PZE-110053918/PZE-110068110

0.3

5.7

     

E2, C

Total PVE (%)

    

37.6

  

43.6

 

23.6

 

qED1–1

1

15,808,888/16371704

PZE-101026314/PZE-101027182

  

−0.4

0.3

0.9

  

E3, C

qED1–2

1

43,974,129/47135598

SYN13385/SYN37775

−0.4

3.9

     

C

qED2–1

2

7,623,080/7665252

PZE-102017304/PZE-102017443

  

0.5

−0.1

1.2

  

E3, E4, C

qED2–2

2

107,767,553/113810085

PZE-102094429/PZE-102097841

  

2.2

0.03

18.8

  

C

qED2–3

2

143,268,372/145993939

SYN11831/PZE-102112161

−0.4

4.3

     

E2, E3, C

qED3–1

3

184,601,452/184674522

SYN23237/SYN23245

     

0.1

4.5

C

qED3–2

3

211,968,759/213654405

PZE-103161091/PZE-103163529

0.4

3.4

     

E2, C

qED4

4

166,876,428/169511859

PZE-104090796/PZE-104093153

     

0.4

4.3

C

qED6

6

6,268,078/24282498

PUT-163a-94,473,612–4863/PZE-106008406

−0.5

6.8

     

E1, E2, E4, C

qED8–1

8

5,605,177/6023577

PZE-108005561/PZA00058.6

0.3

2.7

     

C

qED8–2

8

149,193,811/152752292

PZE-108092173/PZE-108096683

  

0.4

0.4

0.8

  

E4, C

qED9–1

9

4,010,398/4838919

PZE-109003441/SYN22281

  

0.5

0.002

1

  

C

qED9–2

9

9,501,951/16179673

PZE-109008839/PZE-109015923

0.5

7.6

     

E1, C

qED9–3

9

55,513,159/93381704

PZE-109037929/PZA03596.1

  

−0.4

−0.03

0.8

0.1

5.4

C

qED10

10

88,397,317/92787084

PZE-110047164/PZE-110049371

     

0.7

4.5

C

Total PVE (%)

    

28.6

  

23.6

 

18.7

 

qCD1–1

1

16,371,704/16602399

PZE-101027182/PZE-101027807

     

0.2

6.1

C

qCD1–2

1

38,445,432/39742242

SYN25114/PZE-101055771

  

−0.4

−0.04

8.3

  

E2, E3, C

qCD1–3

1

43,974,129/47135598

SYN13385/SYN37775

−0.3

4.3

     

E1, E3, C

qCD2

2

7,623,080/7665252

PZE-102017304/PZE-102017443

  

0.3

−0.05

3.7

  

C

qCD4–1

4

75,230,995/75633216

PZE-104048874/PZE-104049163

  

0.4

0.1

6

  

E3, C

qCD4–2

4

99,402,352/84875360

PZE-104111457/PZE-104053258

0.4

6.8

     

E2, C

qCD4–3

4

210,243,373/236879938

PZE-104129635/PZE-104150421

  

−0.1

0.5

6

  

C

qCD6

6

60,149,277/70802055

PZE-106025164/PZE-106029942

−0.3

6

     

E3, C

qCD7

7

143,113,852/143294688

SYN35897/PZE-107088218

  

0.2

0.2

3.8

  

C

qCD8–1

8

114,826,665/133440733

SYN21795/PZE-108077809

0.3

5.2

     

E4, C

qCD8–2

8

130,213,045/149193811

PZE-108074750/PZE-108092173

  

0.3

0.3

4.1

  

C

qCD9

9

1,002,880/2145556

PZE-109000394/PZE-109001604

0.3

6.5

     

E3, C

qCD10

10

88,397,317/92787084

PZE-110047164/PZE-110049371

     

0.4

4.4

E4, C

Total PVE (%)

    

28.8

  

31.9

 

10.5

 

qRN1–1

1

43,974,129/47135598

SYN13385/SYN37775

−0.2

4.9

     

E1, E2, E4 C

qRN1–2

1

290,306,827/295888639

SYN11155/PZE-101251367

−0.2

3.1

−0.2

− 0.1

1

  

E1, C

qRN2–1

2

7,623,080/7665252

PZE-102017304/PZE-102017443

  

0.2

−0.1

1.4

  

C

qRN2–2

2

153,320,302/163564013

SYN16390/SYN8399

−0.2

2.1

−0.3

0.1

1.7

  

C

qRN2–3

2

226,205,828/229917830

SYN8348/PZE-102186160

  

−0.3

0.1

1.8

  

E4, C

qRN3–1

3

1,978,736/3461364

PZE-103001968/SYN25628

  

−0.2

−0.1

1.1

  

C

qRN3–2

3

21,755,425/24739373

PZE-103029035/PZE-103032109

  

−0.3

0.1

1.7

  

E2, E3, E4, C

qRN3–3

3

26,447,512/29653189

PZE-103033919/PZE-103036266

−0.3

5.6

     

E2, E3, C

qRN3–4

3

210,358,171/211230808

SYN20833/PZE-103160158

  

0.2

0.1

1.2

  

E4, C

qRN3–5

3

211,968,759/213654405

PZE-103161091/PZE-103163529

0.3

6.7

     

E1, E2, E4, C

qRN5

5

7,996,427/17899738

PZA02029.19/PZE-105032498

  

0.3

−0.04

2.2

  

C

qRN7–1

7

775,637/1285778

PZA01426.1/SYN10723

  

0.1

0.2

1.2

  

E4, C

qRN7–2

7

171,743,914/172778289

PZE-107130514/PZE-107132828

−0.2

5.1

−0.2

0.003

0.9

  

E1, E2, E3, E4, C

qRN9–1

9

9,501,951/16179673

PZE-109008839/PZE-109015923

0.3

6.2

     

E1, E2, E4, C

qRN9–2

9

34,632,675/45578052

PZB00235.1/PZE-109035290

  

−0.4

−0.1

3.3

  

E2, E4, C

qRN9–3

9

97,255,443/98356545

PZE-109056596/PZE-109057210

−0.3

9.2

     

E1, E2, E3, E4, C

qRN10–1

10

74,412,528/71111717

PZE-110038658/SYN18227

  

1

0.1

24

  

E3, C

qRN10–2

10

37,810,598/82232426

PZE-110027837/PZE-110043216

0.2

2.4

0.4

0.1

3.4

  

E2, E3, C

qRN10–3

10

103,422,421/102323080

PZE-110054411/PZE-110053918

     

−0.1

6.6

E3, C

Total PVE (%)

    

45.2

  

44.9

 

6.6

 

qKNPR1–1

1

9,434,924/11488064

SYN14143/PZE-101019726

  

−0.8

0.1

4.3

  

C

qKNPR1–2

1

217,114,855/220711263

PZE-101173330/SYN2411

  

−0.7

0.6

5.1

  

E3, C

qKNPR2–1

2

65,134,549/63665753

PZE-102080979/PZE-102080069

  

−0.3

1.3

6.3

  

E4, C

qKNPR2–2

2

177,239,688/178977489

PZE-102127480/PZE-102129070

     

1.1

4.4

E2, C

qKNPR3–1

3

211,968,759/213654405

PZE-103161091/PZE-103163529

0.9

8

     

E2, E4, C

qKNPR3–2

3

224,622,258/227274031

ZM012337–0431/PZE-103182712

  

0.5

1

5.1

  

C

qKNPR4–1

4

7,155,405/10656171

PZE-104010113/PZE-104012412

  

−0.6

0.6

3.3

  

C

qKNPR4–2

4

35,272,230/35542248

PZE-104029222/PZE-104029384

     

1

5.2

E4, C

qKNPR5–1

5

135,840,044/135189300

SYN32229/PZE-105093385

0.7

4.7

     

E4, C

qKNPR5–2

5

167,276,024/168260189

PZE-105110168/PZE-105111323

     

−0.1

7.5

C

qKNPR6–1

6

105,500,541/106069077

PZE-106055082/PZE-106055781

−0.6

3.2

     

C

qKNPR6–2

6

140,871,676/137826260

PZE-106083588/PZE-106080884

  

0.1

1.1

3.9

1.1

4.2

E3, E4, C

qKNPR7–1

7

140,421,815/141648137

PZE-107084740/PZE-107086184

  

−0.1

1

3.1

  

E3, C

qKNPR7–2

7

149,763,210/149725744

PZE-107094398/PZE-107094385

−0.7

4.6

     

C

qKNPR9

9

101,477,167/105064711

PZB01899.2/SYN37647

     

0.8

3.6

C

qKNPR10–1

10

58,452,435/82232426

PZE-110025994/PZE-110043216

  

0.9

0.4

6.1

  

E4, C

qKNPR10–2

10

92,787,084/96757754

PZE-110049371/PZE-110051403

0.8

5.5

     

C

Total PVE (%)

    

26

  

37.1

 

25

 

qKWPE1–1

1

43,974,129/47135598

SYN13385/SYN37775

  

−1.3

3.6

0.4

  

C

qKWPE1–2

1

73,736,703/77488489

PZE-101084850/PZE-101087156

  

−1.3

3.9

0.4

  

C

qKWPE1–3

1

232,527,769/245035242

PZE-101187496/PZE-101196838

−1.9

6.6

     

E1, C

qKWPE1–4

1

263,740,719/285391084

PZE-101213558/SYN22772

     

5.3

0.8

C

qKWPE2–1

2

37,868,398/38140456

SYN28948/PZE-102059924

  

−0.4

5.7

0.8

  

E3, C

qKWPE2–2

2

43,372,951/47158891

PZE-102065424/PZA02450.1

     

−16.6

8

E3, C

qKWPE2–3

2

188,055,798/190159942

SYN19995/SYN5428

     

1.7

3.2

C

qKWPE2–4

2

192,581,253/192700757

PZE-102145606/PZE-102145703

     

1.2

5

C

qKWPE2–5

2

201,971,890/209300839

PZE-102154251/SYN7501

  

−3.3

1.7

0.5

  

C

qKWPE3–1

3

211,968,759/213654405

PZE-103161091/PZE-103163529

1.7

5.5

     

E1, E2, C

qKWPE3–2

3

222,552,568/224622258

SYN6986/ZM012337–0431

     

3.9

0.5

C

qKWPE4

4

166,876,428/169511859

PZE-104090796/PZE-104093153

     

2.5

0.4

C

qKWPE6–1

6

140,871,676/137826260

PZE-106083588/PZE-106080884

  

−0.4

4.9

0.6

4.7

0.7

E1, E3, E4, C

qKWPE6–2

6

142,423,964/152749874

PZE-105096701/PZE-105101729

1.4

3.7

     

C

qKWPE7–1

7

17,478,189/46213540

PZE-107019133/PZE-107033682

  

−1.8

5.8

0.8

5

0.8

E2, E4, C

qKWPE7–2

7

140,421,815/141648137

PZE-107084740/PZE-107086184

     

3.8

0.5

C

qKWPE7–3

7

144,000,432/144753122

PZE-107088998/PZE-107089819

  

−1.9

3.9

0.4

  

E3, C

qKWPE9

9

55,513,159/93380517

PZE-109037929/PZA03595.2

  

−26.2

1.8

34

1.5

18.3

E2, E4, C

qKWPE10–1

10

23,214,551/25558345

PZE-110019199/PZE-110020162

     

−21.3

13.4

C

qKWPE10–2

10

124,526,091/131889929

PZE-110068110/SYN17753

  

2.4

3.9

0.7

  

E4, C

qKWPE10–3

10

131,104,195/134219127

PZE-110074914/PZE-110079903

1.6

4.4

     

C

Total PVE (%)

    

20.1

  

38.8

 

51.6

 

qRKP1–1

1

223,825,525/229541701

SYN31271/PZE-101184757

−0.01

4.7

−0.004

0.004

3.6

  

E1, E3, C

qRKP1–2

1

232,527,769/245035242

PZE-101187496/PZE-101196838

     

− 0.003

7.7

C

qRKP3–1

3

184,674,522/191932135

SYN23245/PZE-103136534

0.01

4.8

   

−0.003

5.7

E1, E2, E4, C

qRKP3–2

3

211,230,808/213654405

PZE-103160158/PZE-103163529

0.01

4.3

   

0.01

6.7

E2, E3, E4, C

qRKP3–3

3

227,274,031/227827542

PZE-103182712/PZE-103183391

0.01

3.6

     

C

qRKP4–1

4

25,639,678/26730656

PZE-104022764/PZE-104023674

     

0.014

4.1

C

qRKP4–2

4

41,851,034/56860597

PZE-104033489/PZE-104041535

  

−0.01

0.001

8.4

  

E2, E3, E4, C

qRKP4–3

4

78,343,158/82013799

PZE-104050391/PZE-104051877

     

0.001

10.4

E2, E4, C

qRKP6

6

141,080,410/161454721

PZE-106083873/PZE-106115356

−0.01

4.8

     

E4, C

qRKP7–1

7

39,125,424/46213540

PZE-107030398/PZE-107033682

−0.01

4.1

     

C

qRKP7–2

7

140,421,815/141648137

PZE-107084740/PZE-107086184

−0.02

6.8

     

E4, C

qRKP7–3

7

143,113,852/143294688

SYN35897/PZE-107088218

     

0.003

3.5

C

qRKP7–4

7

149,763,210/149725744

PZE-107094398/PZE-107094385

  

−0.01

0.002

4.6

  

E4, C

qRKP10–1

10

5,761,296/6537076

PZE-110007326/PZE-110008811

0.01

5.4

     

C

qRKP10–2

10

131,104,195/134219127

PZE-110074914/PZE-110079903

  

0.01

0.003

4.6

−0.002

4.7

C

Total PVE (%)

    

38.4

  

21.2

 

42.7

C

  1. aChr Chromosome
  2. bThe version 2 of the Maize B73 RefGen
  3. cRIL the RILs, IF2 the IF2 population, MPH the MPH data set derived from the RILs and IF2 population
  4. dA additive effect, Negative additive values indicate that the allele for increasing trait value is contributed by the parent 08–641, Positive additive values indicate that the allele for increasing trait value is contributed by another parent YE478
  5. ePVE phenotypic variance explained by QTL
  6. fD dominance effect
  7. gE1 2014Jinghong, E2 2015Jinghong, E3 2016Chongzhou, E4 2016Jinghong, C combined analysis across all environments