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Fig. 4 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 4

From: GhFAD2–3 is required for anther development in Gossypium hirsutum

Fig. 4

Transmission electron micrographs of anthers from the wild-type and the fad2–3 plants. A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O and Q, wild-type anthers at different developmental stages. B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P and R, fad2–3 anthers at different developmental stages. (a) Wild-type anthers with sporogenous cells and three layers of parietal cells. Bars = 5 μm. (b) fad2–3 anthers with sporogenous cells and three layers of parietal cells. Bars = 10 μm. (c) Wild-type anthers with microsporocytes and four layers of parietal cells. Bars = 20 μm. (d) fad2–3 anthers with microsporocytes and four layers of parietal cells. Bars = 5 μm. (e) Wild-type anthers at the meiosis stage. Bars = 20 μm. (f) fad2–3 anthers at the meiosis stage. Bars = 10 μm. (g) Wild-type anthers at the early tetrad stage. Bars = 5 μm. (h) fad2–3 anthers at the early tetrad stage. Bars = 10 μm. (i) High magnification of the wild-type tapetum showing double nuclei at the tetrad stage. Bars = 5 μm. (j) High magnification of the fad2–3 tapetum at the tetrad stage. Bars = 5 μm. (k) High magnification of the wild-type tapetum showing mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum. Bars = 2 μm. (l) High magnification of the fad2–3 tapetum showing large vacuoles, defective plastids. Bars = 2 μm. (m) Wild-type microspore at the middle developmental stage; tectum, bacula and nexine appeared. Bars = 5 μm. (n) fad2–3 microspore at the middle developmental stage; bacula and nexine appeared and showed abnormalities. Bars = 5 μm. (o) The spinules protruding from the wild-type microspore exine were formed at stages of mitosis. Bars = 5 μm. (p) fad2–3 microspore exine showing obvious abnormality. Bars = 5 μm. (q) Wild-type mature pollen grains were uniformly distributed in the small vacuole. Bars = 20 μm. (r) The degraded fad2–3 anthers exhibiting crushed cell structure. E, epidermis; En, endothecium; ML, middle layer; Sp, sporogenous cells; Ms., microsporocyte; T, tapetum; te, tectum; ne, nexine; ba, bacula; in,intine; sp., spinules

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