Fig. 2

Morphological and anatomical study of chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells (BS) and mesophyll cells (M) of the wild-type and bsd2 mutant plants. a Ultra structure of the chloroplasts (proplastid stage) in the first leaf of 6-day-old wild type and bsd2 plants. Sg, starch granule. Scale bars: 0.5 μm. b Ultra structure of the chloroplasts (grana differentiation stage) in the first leaf of 7-day-old wild type and bsd2 plants. Scale bars: 0.5 μm. c Ultra structure of the chloroplasts (dimorphism formation stage, on the second day after the leaves have grown out of the coleoptile) in the first leaf of 8-day-old wild type and bsd2 plants. Note reduction in thylakoid stacking in BS compared to Fig. 2b. Scale bars:2 μm. d Ultra structure of the chloroplasts (maturation stage, on the third day after the leaves have grown out of the coleoptile) in the first leaf of 9-day-old wild type and bsd2 plants. Scale bars: 2 μm. e Transcript levels of selected thylakoid-biogenesis genes (ADL1A and VIPP1) were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in wild-type an dbsd-2 mutant. The error bars represent SD. Stage1: proplastid stage, Stage 2: granal differentiation stage, Stage 3: dimorphism formation stage, on the second day after the leaves have grown out of the coleoptile, Stage4: maturation stage, on the second day after the leaves have grown out of the coleoptile, Stage4: maturation stage, on the third day after the leaves have grown out of the coleoptile. Asterisk means significantly difference that assessed by Student’s t-tests, *p<0.05.