Determining optimal mulching, planting density, and nitrogen application to increase maize grain yield and nitrogen translocation efficiency in Northwest China

Wang, Xiukang; Wang, Ge; Turner, Neil C.; Xing, Yingying; Li, Meitian; Guo, Tao

doi:10.1186/s12870-020-02477-2

Table 5 Effects of mulching, planting density (D_L, 55,000 and D_H, 90,000 seeds ha^− 1), and nitrogen fertilizer application rates (N₀, N₁₂₀, N₂₄₀, and N₃₆₀; subscript indicates kg N ha^− 1) on maize nitrogen assimilation amount after silking (NAAS), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and partial factor productivity of the fertilizer (PFP)

From: Determining optimal mulching, planting density, and nitrogen application to increase maize grain yield and nitrogen translocation efficiency in Northwest China

Year	Mulch	Nitrogen (N_{kg /ha})	NAAS (kg ha^− 1)		NHI (%)		NUE (kg kg^− 1)		NRE (%)		PFP (kg kg^− 1)
Year	Mulch	Nitrogen (N_{kg /ha})	D_L	D_H	D_L	D_H	D_L	D_H	D_L	D_H	D_L	D_H
2015	No	N₀	29.9	31.9	64.7	54.2
		N₁₂₀	63.2	63.4	71.8	65.6	59.7	60.7	42.7	44.9	25.6	26.0
		N₂₄₀	71.5	69.5	74.9	67.4	34.2	34.3	34	35	20.5	20.6
		N₃₆₀	71.1	68.2	70.5	65.6	22.8	24.6	24.5	24.5	15.8	17.0
	Yes	N₀	41.6	40.9	62.9	53.6
		N₁₂₀	56.3	59.2	67.9	64.4	62.2	74.9	40.5	41	26.7	32.1
		N₂₄₀	73.9	73.1	66.3	64.9	36.5	41.9	36.3	35.2	21.9	25.1
		N₃₆₀	67.7	68.6	65.7	61.8	24.0	29.7	25.2	25	16.6	20.5
2016	No	N₀	31.0	42.6	64.4	54.3
		N₁₂₀	64.3	57.3	71.5	65.4	63.3	66.0	45.8	47.2	27.1	28.3
		N₂₄₀	72.5	74.6	74.6	67.2	36.0	37.2	36.1	37.1	21.6	22.3
		N₃₆₀	72.3	68.5	70.3	65.5	23.6	26.1	25.5	26.2	16.4	18.1
	Yes	N₀	32.9	42.4	62.7	53.7
		N₁₂₀	64.4	60.2	67.7	64.3	66.5	80.1	43.3	44.8	28.5	34.3
		N₂₄₀	70.5	74.4	66.1	64.7	39.0	46.6	37.1	35.2	23.4	27.9
		N₃₆₀	69.3	69.1	65.5	61.7	25.1	31.4	26.2	25.7	17.4	21.7
2017	No	N₀	32.6	44.3	64.2	54.4
		N₁₂₀	65.9	59.0	71.2	65.3	68.2	70.2	42.5	43.9	29.2	30.1
		N₂₄₀	74.1	76.3	74.3	67.0	38.1	39.2	33.4	35.2	22.9	23.5
		N₃₆₀	73.9	70.1	70.1	65.4	25.7	28.6	23.2	25	17.8	19.8
	Yes	N₀	34.5	44.0	62.6	53.8
		N₁₂₀	66.1	61.8	67.5	64.2	69.6	84.9	41.2	41.9	29.8	36.4
		N₂₄₀	72.1	76.0	66.0	63.4	40.8	48.6	34.2	34.7	24.5	29.1
		N₃₆₀	70.9	71.1	63.8	61.2	27.0	34.7	24.3	24.5	18.7	24.0
Treatment effect (P values)^a
Year (Y)			< 0.001		ns		< 0.001		ns		< 0.001
Mulch (M)			0.002		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Nitrogen (N)			< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Density (D)			ns		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Y * M			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns
Y * N			ns		ns		< 0.001		ns		0.011
Y * D			ns		ns		0.039		ns		0.012
M * N			< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
M * D			ns		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.01		< 0.001
N * D			ns		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.02		0.004
Y * M * N			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns
Y * M * D			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns
Y * N * D			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns
M * N * D			ns		< 0.001		< 0.001		ns		0.004
Y * M * N * D			ns		ns		ns		ns		ns

^ans Not significant (p > 0.05)

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