Fig. 7

TaClpS1 facilitates the infection of P. parasitica and Pst in N. benthamiana and wheat, respectively. a The leaves infiltrated with TaClpS1 or GFP were stained with trypan blue to visualize the colonization of P. parasitica. b The lesion diameters of P. parasitica infection in the leaves infiltrated with TaClpS1 or GFP were analyzed at 36 hpi. Each boxplot illustrates the lesion diameters measured from 19 leaves. The experiment was repeated two times with similar results. The upper quartile, median, and lower quartile are shown in each box, while the bars outside the box indicate the 1st and 99th percentiles. c Phenotypes of the fourth leaves of BSMV-infected wheat plants and further inoculated with Pst isolate CYR31 at 12 dpi. Numbers below the leaves indicate the number of uredia. d Relative transcript levels of TaClpS1 in TaClpS1-silenced plants inoculated with Pst isolate CYR31. The comparative threshold (2^-ΔΔCT) approach was used to measure the relative transcript levels of TaClpS1. Data were normalized against the transcription level of TaEF-1α, and visualized as the fold changes compared to control at 0 hpi. BSMV: γ infected wheat leaves were used as control. Each data represent means ± standard deviation of three independent biological replications. Single asterisks (P < 0.05) or double asterisks (P < 0.01) denote significant differences from BSMV: γ treatment calculated by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test