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Fig. 8 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 8

From: The core autophagy machinery is not required for chloroplast singlet oxygen-mediated cell death in the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid ferrochelatase two mutant

Fig. 8

Model for two microautophagy-like processes for selective chloroplast turnover in plants. A hypothetical model depicting the proposed 1O2-induced chloroplast quality control [15] (left side) and ATG5/ATG7-dependent chlorophagy [38,39,40] (right side). In 1O2-induced chloroplast degradation, damaged chloroplasts are ubiquitin-tagged and begin degrading in the cytosol before being “blebbed” into the central vacuole for final turnover of chloroplast components. Vacuolar vesiculation of this bleb may proceed by “pinching off” via an autophagosome-independent fission-like mechanism [36]. Conversely, ATG5/ATG7-dependent chlorophagy, proceeds by a mechanism that requires phagophore formation and association with swollen, membrane damaged chloroplasts. Final vacuolar vesiculation in this process is likely achieved by a fusion of the chloroplast associated phagophore with the tonoplast membrane 36. In both processes, final degradation of chloroplast components are then degraded by vacuolar hydrolases

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