Fig. 5

Functional analysis of TPS genes from hops by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. DXS/HMGR were co-infiltrated to boost substrate supply for terpene biosynthesis. Leaves were infiltrated with TPS + substrate gene, or a 1:1 mixture of TPS and GUS/substrate gene and GUS for control infiltrations, respectively. Volatiles were collected by SPME and analysed by GC–MS. A representative trace is shown for one allele from each of the four active TPS genes. Full data are presented in Table S4. A Terpenes produced by HlSTS1-Wai-a in combination with HMGR (upper trace) compared to controls HMGR only (middle trace) and HlSTS1-Wai-a only (lower trace). B Terpenes produced by HlTPS2-Wai-a + DXS (upper trace) compared to controls HlTPS2-Wai-a only (middle trace) and DXS only (lower trace). C Terpenes produced by HlTPS3-Wak-a combined with HMGR (upper trace) compared to controls HMGR only (middle trace) and HlTPS3-Wak-a only (lower trace). D Terpenes produced by HlTPS4-Cas-a combined with HMGR (upper trace) compared to controls HMGR only (middle trace) and HlTPS4-Cas-a only (lower trace)