Figure 1

Age distribution of gene duplications in the apple. (A) Frequency distribution of apple gene duplications as a function of the K_s distance (synonymous substitutions per synonymous site). (B) Superimposed distributions of the observed apple duplications (bars) and a cumulative function derived from an exponential (pink) decay of small-scale duplications and two normals (orange and blue) corresponding to two putative independent episodes of polyploidy. (C) Deduced distributions representing the continuous mode of small-scale duplications (pink), the Pyrinae polyploidization (orange), and the γ-triplication event (blue).