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Table 3 Candidate genes from the association analyses for cold tolerance traits in two association panels of maize

From: Association mapping for cold tolerance in two large maize inbred panels

Chr.

SNP ID and position of significant SNP (bp)

Gene ID

Start (bp)

Stop (bp)

Function/Subcellular localization

Days to emergence

 3

PUT-163a-78121249-4393

145737736

GRMZM2G061206

145636198

145639549

Antiporter

GRMZM2G061127

145642310

145643935

Proteolysis/Chloroplast stroma localization

GRMZM2G174274

145762729

145764119

Signal transduction/Intracellular

GRMZM2G174249

145763792

145766257

Carbohydrate, response to wounding/Cell wall vacuole

GRMZM2G174221

145771397

145774255

Vacuole

GRMZM2G174196

145774369

145777597

Protein binding

GRMZM2G174137

145786387

145795884

Catalytic activity

GRMZM2G074241

145796992

145799980

ATPase activity/Membrane

GRMZM2G375807

145817237

145825052

ATPase activity/Membrane

Chlorophyll content (SPAD)

 1

PZE-101159230

201477347

GRMZM2G419024

201439240

201443106

Triosephosphate isomerase activity

GRMZM5G899800

201502394

201505169

Protein heterodimerization activity

GRMZM2G416069

201513870

201519179

Protein heterodimerization activity/Cohesin complex

GRMZM2G115730

201519254

201520692

Unknown

GRMZM2G115750

201522268

201525873

Receptor/Membrane, ER, Golgi

 4

SYN2344

172689894

GRMZM2G130043

172635729

172706662

Starch synthase

GRMZM2G130002

172714527

172719310

Protein binding/Plasma membrane

GRMZM2G129979

172721820

172724795

G10 protein/Nucleous

GRMZM2G178398

172777639

172783737

Epsin like protein

ΦPSIIa

 1

PZE-101084685

73380804

GRMZM2G172244

73387395

73390846

Unknown

GRMZM2G171420

20758772

20762634

Unknown

 4

SYN24026

20738948

GRMZM2G171394

20762995

20764457

Rapid alkalinization factor

GRMZM2G078143

20795669

20799891

Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase/Plasma membrane

Early vigorb

 1

PZE-101106625

110914351

GRMZM2G084825

110955450

110958921

Protein serine threonine kinase activity

GRMZM2G154216

110981685

110983586

Transferase activity of acyl groups (no amino-acyl)

GRMZM2G341036

27150769

27152027

Unknown

 5

PZE-105041198

27247368

GRMZM2G102862

27218204

27224147

Protein kinase activity

GRMZM2G405090

27787706

27788723

Putative uncharacterized protein

 5

PZE-105041551

27857856

GRMZM2G127510

153320097

153324724

Nucleotide binding

 7

PZE-107098206

153421340

GRMZM2G127499

153326363

153329791

Unknown

GRMZM2G429396

153330870

153331777

Response to high light intensity/Cytoplasm

GRMZM2G124794

153413756

153414250

Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity

GRMZM2G423478

153416453

143416869

Unknown

GRMZM2G180027

153457846

153464555

Unknown

GRMZM2G480480

153464547

153475981

Protein binding

GRMZM2G180080

153485164

153487062

Nucleotide binding

GRMZM2G180082

153490387

153492351

Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

  1. Genes in an 200 kb interval surrounding the significant SNPs are listed with their identifier. The gene closest to the significant SNP is indicated in boldaΦPSII: Quantum efficiency of PSII
  2. bEarly vigor: subjective score from 1 = weak plants to 9 = vigorous plants