Fig. 9

Suppression of PvRxLR16-induced disease resistance and immune responses by PvRXLR effectors in N. benthamiana. a Lesions of the N. benthamiana leaves expressing the indicated genes inoculated with P. capsici at 36 hpi. The leaves were infiltrated with PvRxLR16 constructs 12 h after expressing each PvRxLR or GFP using agroinfiltration. Then the infiltrated leaves were inoculated with P. capsici 48 h after expression of PvRxLR16. The representative pictures were taken at 36 hpi post infection of P. capsici. b DAB staining of the N. benthamiana leaves at 3 dpi expressing PvRxLR16. PvRxLR effectors (PvRxLR1, 10 and 30) and GFP were transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration 12 h before infiltration of PvRxLR16. c Lesion diameters of N. benthamiana leaves (**P < 0.01, Dunnett’s test). d The relative levels of DAB staining. Significant differences based on Dunnett’s test are indicated by the asterisks (**P < 0.01). These experiments were replicated three times with six leaves per biological replicate. e Relative expression levels of PR1b, PR2b, LOX, and ERF1 genes induced by PvRxLR16 were suppressed by other PvRxLRs (PvRxLR1, 10 and 30) in N. benthamiana. PvRxLR effectors (PvRxLR1, 10 and 30) and GFP were transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration 12 h before infiltration of PvRxLR16. The relative transcript levels of defense-related genes were detected at 3 dpi expressing PvRxLR16 (+). EF1a was used as an endogenous control. Means and standard errors from three independent replicates are shown. Significant differences based on Dunnett’s test are indicated by the asterisks (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05)