Fig. 5
a DEPs in replanted R. glutinosa compared with normal-growth plants, and key molecular events caused by replant disease. Proteins listed in black were significantly upregulated in replanted R. glutinosa; those in blue were significantly upregulated in normal-growth R. glutinosa. b-f Comparison between the present study and previous studies conducted at different molecular levels. Some important molecular processes responding to replanting identified in this study were also found in previous studies. For example, proteins related to immunity systems were significantly upregulated in replanted R. glutinosa in the present study (a), reflecting a proliferation of microbes that might been mediated by phenolic allelochemicals (b) [11]. Some metabolic pathways (PPP and TCA) enhanced in replanted R. glutinosa (a) were observed in the rhizosphere of replanted R. glutinosa that was analysed by soil metaproteomics (c) [53]. The vital enzymes in phenylalanine metabolism (a), which generated various phenolic acids that have been identified as important allelochemicals (d) [12] were also highly expressed in replanted R. glutinosa. The ethylene and calcium signalling involved in sensing replant disease in the present study (a) were identified at the transcript level (e, f) [26, 27]