Fig. 3
Impact of pretreatment on insect performance. a Larval weight of P. brassicae feeding on 5-week-old B. nigra plants pretreated for 3 days with P. brassicae egg extract or Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani (Xcr) was measured after 7 days of feeding. Values (± SE) are the mean of independent experiments (P. brassicae: CTL/EE, n = 5; CTL/Xcr, n = 4). The total number of larvae is indicated in each column. Significant differences between control and pretreatment are indicated (linear mixed model, ***P < 0.001). b Larval weight of P. brassicae feeding on 5-week-old B. nigra plants pretreated for 3 days with P. brassicae egg extract (EE) or Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani (Xcr) was measured after 4 days. Larvae placed in clip cages were feeding on the treated site (local) or adjacent to the treated site (distal). Values (± SE) are the mean of four (CTL/EE) or three (CTL/Xcr) independent experiments. The total number of larvae is indicated in each column. Significant differences between control and pretreatment are indicated (linear mixed model, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05)