Fig. 4

Vegetative growth and leaf architecture phenotypes in wild-type and transgenic plants. a Both CsTIR1-OE L4 and CsAFB2-OE L2 exhibited compact stature, and CsTIR1-OE L4 exhibited a severely dwarfed phenotype compared with the wild-type (WT). b Leaves of both CsTIR1-OE L4 and CsAFB2-OE L2 exhibited distorted growth behavior. Scale bar = 1 cm. c Leaf surface of WT, CsTIR1-OE L4, and CsAFB2-OE L2 observed by scanning electron microscopy. Transgenic line leaf surfaces were convex compared with the WT. Stomata are labeled with red circles. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. d Quantitative PCR analysis of transcript accumulation of SlARF10, SlSPCH, and SlMUTE. Expression of SlARF10, SlSPCH, and SlMUTE in the WT was normalized to 1. Data represent mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences among different genotypes (Student’s t-test, P < 0.05)