Table 1 Phenotypic traits scored in 2013 and 2014 field trials

 Collar Height^a

COL

cm

Plant height from soil surface to the main stem collar

 Peduncle Length^a

PdL

cm

Distance measured in the main stem from the first node to the collar

 Peduncle Extrusion^a

PdE

cm

Distance measured in the main stem from the flag leaf to the collar

 Ear Length^a

EAR

cm

Length of the ear excluding the awns

 Seed Area^{b, d}

SdA

mm²

Average area of the seed

 Seed Length^{b, d}

SdL

mm

Average length of the seed

 Seed Width^{b, d}

SdW

mm

Average width of the seed

 No Tillers

TILL

tillers

Number of tillers harvested from the two middle rows of each plot

 Heading date

HEA

DAS^c

Number of days from sowing to 50% half of ear emergence (GS55) per plot

 Dry yield ^d

DY

kg.ha^− 1

Weight of the grain collected from two middle rows of each plot calculated for a hectare

 Thousand grain weight^{b, d}

TGW

g

Average weight of 1000 grains

 Biomass yield^d

BY

kg.ha^− 1

Above ground dry biomass obtained from the two middle rows of each plot

 Harvest Index^d

HI

%

Ratio of dry yield to above ground dry biomass for the two middle rows of each plot calculated for a hectare

 Grains per square meter^d

GSM

grains.m^− 2

Number of grains estimated for a square meter using TGW and DY values

 Spike glossiness

GLS

Presence/absence of glossy spike

 Spike colour

Presence/absence of purple spikes

 Seed shattering

SHT

Presence/absence of seed shattering

 Grain threshability

THR

Presence/absence awn retention

 Lodging

LOD

Presence/absence of lodging