Fig. 1

Phenotypic comparison of pds and its parental plants (S142 and 430). a pds plants (right) and parental plants (left and middle) at grain-filling stage. b Plant heights of S142, 430, and pds plants. c, d Comparisons of the internode lengths of S142, 430, and pds plants. e Comparison of the thickness of the uppermost internodes of S142, 430, and pds plants. The red arrows in (a) indicate the partial exsertion of the pds panicles; the blue arrow indicates the exsertion defect of the pds panicles. Error bars in (b and d) indicate the mean ± sd. ^∗∗Significant difference at P < 0.01 compared with the controls according to Student’s t-test. Bars = 10 cm in (a and c) and 5 mm in (e)