QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland

Table 1 Mean squares and significance of fall regrowth height (FRH), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two switchgrass F1 populations

Source of variation	FRH		NDVI		SE		FD
Source of variation	df	MS	df	MS	df	MS	df	MS
AP13 x B6
Genotype (G)	284	150.25**	284	0.021**	284	9**	284	21**
Year (Y)	1	589,950.00**	1	63.400**	1	16372**	1	45^ns
G x Y	284	70.12^ns	284	0.013**	284	5^ns	284	4^ns
Rep (Year)	4	6800.37**	4	0.301**	4	13*	4	130**
Residuals	1117	68.08	1118	0.009	1114	5	1115	6
B6 x VS16 (Planting 1)^a
Genotype (G)	65	220.92**	65	0.020**	65	3*	65	30**
Year (Y)	1	159,930.00**	1	14.779**	1	990**	1	1567*
G x Y	65	87.86**	65	0.013**	65	4**	65	6*
Rep (Year)	4	215.87**	4	0.016^ns	4	15**	4	76**
Residuals	237	51.30	236	0.008	236	2	230	4
B6 x VS16 (Planting 2)^b
Genotype	160	255.89**	160	0.002**	160	15**	160	19**
Rep	2	242.32^ns	2	0.004**	2	5^ns	2	76**
Residuals	315	93.83	314	0.001	302	8	302	8

^aThe first group of BV population that was planted in April 2017; ^bThe second group of BV population that was planted in May 2018; MS mean square **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; ^ns not significant

ISSN: 1471-2229