Identification of genetic loci associated with major agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on genome-wide association analysis

Table 1 Basic statistics of the phenotypic variations observed for nine quantitative traits

Trait	Environment^a	Genotype	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	Median	CV	H²
Winter survival rate (0: 0–10% to 9: 90–100%)	E1	287	4.171	2.796	0	9	4.500	0.670	0.606
Winter survival rate (0: 0–10% to 9: 90–100%)	E2	287	4.681	2.370	0	9	5.000	0.506	0.606
Days to heading	E1	260	214.8	2.904	204.0	218.0	216.0	0.014	0.848
	E3	188	189.3	2.136	181.0	195.0	189.0	0.011
	E4	188	180.1	4.056	168.0	188.0	180.0	0.023
Days to maturity	E1	135	253.0	1.789	249.0	258.0	253.0	0.007	0.815
	E3	188	224.4	2.292	219.0	230.0	224.0	0.010
	E4	188	217	2.904	209	222	217	0.013
Stem length (cm)	E1	260	77.96	15.288	40.00	122.70	74.55	0.196	0.632
	E2	249	82.540	10.432	50.700	107.300	82.700	0.126
	E3	188	77.7	9.763	51.0	106.0	77.0	0.126
	E4	188	88.09	12.085	56.00	123.00	86.50	0.137
Spike length (cm)	E1	259	9.449	1.723	6.000	14.300	9.500	0.182	0.773
	E2	249	9.116	1.430	3.300	13.000	9.000	0.157
	E3	188	8.974	1.023	5.900	12.000	9.000	0.114
	E4	188	8.719	1.060	5.500	11.800	8.700	0.122
Awn length (cm)	E1	258	5.718	1.806	0.000	9.700	5.900	0.316	0.375
	E2	249	5.286	1.550	0.000	9.800	5.500	0.293
	E3	188	4.915	1.675	0.000	8.300	5.100	0.341
	E4	182	4.729	1.479	0.500	9.100	4.800	0.313
Liter weight (g)	E1	255	825.600	53.909	460.000	960.000	828.000	0.065	0.051
Liter weight (g)	E3	188	789.7	19.648	731.0	833.0	793.0	0.025	0.051
Thousand kernel weight (g)	E1	269	37.830	5.952	24.000	54.000	37.800	0.157	0.641
Thousand kernel weight (g)	E3	188	41.65	4.180	30.90	53.30	41.70	0.100	0.641
Number of seeds per spike	E1	169	52.770	13.283	26.300	91.300	52.300	0.252	0.421
Number of seeds per spike	E3	188	35.27	5.731	15.00	51.00	36.00	0.163	0.421

^a E1: Deokso in 2018–2019 season, E2: Deokso in 2019–2020 season, E3: Jeonju in 2018–2019 season, E4: Jinju in 2018–2019 season

ISSN: 1471-2229