Table 2 Changes in osmoregulating compounds and non-enzymatic antioxidants content during drought stress and recovery in two contrasting fenugreek landraces

SC

11.02 ± 1.83^a

10.94 ± 1.51^b

11.33 ± 0.92^c

14.22 ± 1.21^bc

13.91 ± 1.12^b

22.27 ± 2.21^a

31.11 ± 1.56^ab

27.76 ± 1.07^d

27.55 ± 1.78^ab

29.4 ± 0.96^a

SD

11.84 ± 0.08^ab

86.99 ± 5.29^a

44.03 ± 0.96^a

17.07 ± 3.22^ab

27.52 ± 1.39^b

37.39 ± 1.85^abc

23.89 ± 2.79^b

27.72 ± 1.33^a

SM

7.72 ± 0.86^a

15.14 ± 2.96^ab

62.52 ± 3.67^b

19.59 ± 2.58^bc

17.38 ± 1.85^ab

25.11 ± 2.41^a

31.4 ± 1.31^ab

38.99 ± 2.01^ab

31.14 ± 0.30^a

28.98 ± 2.88^a

VC

7.41 ± 1.30^a

12.07 ± 1.84^ab

15.1 ± 0.74^c

14.18 ± 2.22^bc

16.33 ± 1.85^ab

17.56 ± 3.70^ab

33.66 ± 1.32^a

32.23 ± 1.62^cd

23.31 ± 0.82^bc

27.2 ± 0.68^a

VD

17.72 ± 1.26^a

51.46 ± 3.87^b

20 ± 3.92^b

21.97 ± 1.81^a

28.64 ± 0.70^b

41.66 ± 3.45^a

23.00 ± 0.80^bc

18.91 ± 3.20^b

VM

8.71 ± 1.80^a

16.05 ± 3.04^ab

58.57 ± 4.39^b

10.66 ± 1.62^c

17.4 ± 0.29^ab

10.61 ± 0.32^b

32.17 ± 2.48^ab

32.63 ± 2.08^bcd

19.25 ± 1.00^c

20.61 ± 1.32^b

p Value

0.462

0.197

0.000

0.000

0.208

0.015

0.128

0.016

0.002

0.009

Total phenolic compounds (mg Gallic acid/g Fw)

Total flavonoid Content (mg Quercetin/g Fw)

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

SC

7.66 ± 0.06^a

12.43 ± 1.37^a

14.74 ± 1.45^ab

14.89 ± 0.74^a

13.87 ± 1.06^a

1.84 ± 0.11^a

2.29 ± 0.11^b

1.77 ± 0.06^c

2.51 ± 0.09^a

2.39 ± 0.14^a

SD

13.02 ± 0.44^a

15.58 ± 1.03^ab

12.12 ± 0.23^b

11.72 ± 0.63^a

2.49 ± 0.10^ab

2.72 ± 0.24^a

2.22 ± 0.11^ab

2.41 ± 0.17^a

SM

6.71 ± 0.63^a

10.00 ± 0.36^b

16.16 ± 0.92^ab

15.03 ± 0.67^a

11.86 ± 0.54^a

1.80 ± 0.02^a

2.83 ± 0.19^a

2.77 ± 0.15^a

2.09 ± 0.07^b

2.40 ± 0.12^a

VC

7.62 ± 0.03^a

9.57 ± 0.50^b

14.01 ± 0.21^b

14.01 ± 0.84^ab

13.89 ± 1.57^a

1.63 ± 0.15^a

2.46 ± 0.07^b

2.46 ± 0.14^ab

2.47 ± 0.13^a

2.21 ± 0.11^a

VD

13.70 ± 0.37^a

15.15 ± 0.97^ab

16.04 ± 0.66^a

13.99 ± 1.50^a

2.61 ± 0.04^ab

2.17 ± 0.06^bc

2.29 ± 0.05^ab

2.06 ± 0.13^a

VM

6.54 ± 0.84^a

8.10 ± 0.37^b

17.51 ± 0.80^a

14.20 ± 0.53^ab

14.58 ± 1.25^a

1.70 ± 0.03^a

2.33 ± 0.13^b

2.48 ± 0.11^ab

2.00 ± 0.09^b

2.32 ± 0.09^a

p Value

0.561

0.000

0.211

0.054

0.415

0.47

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.4