Table 1 Pre-experimental soil, biochar and irrigation water characteristics

pH

8.01

pH

7.11

pH

7.21

SOC (%)

0.60

ECe (dS/m)

3.39

EC (µS/cm)

301

TN (%)

0.030

Volatile Matter (%)

45

Carbonates (meq./L)

0.00

EP (mg/kg)

4.12

Fixed carbon (%)

55

Bicarbonates (meq./L)

4.19

AK (mg/kg)

107

TN (%)

0.05

Chloride (meq./L)

0.15

Sand (%)

25

TP (%)

0.01

Ca + Mg (meq./L)

3.95

Silt (%)

40

TK (%)

0.02

Sodium (mg/L)

171

Clay (%)

35

Surface area (m²/g)

450

TN = Total Nitrogen

EP = Extractable Phosphorus

AK = Available Potassium

CEC = Cation Exchange Capacity

Texture

Clay Loam

CEC (meq./100 g)

500